Chapter 10 World War I #1 Outbreak of World War I

Essential Question: What caused World War I? Why was the U.S. unable to remain neutral in this conflict? Warm-Up Question: How did the Spanish-American War impact the United States? How did Theodore Roosevelt “build” the Panama Canal?

The Outbreak of World War I The outbreak of WWI in 1914 was a test for America’s new foreign policy The USA was an imperial power after the Spanish-American War The U.S. built the Panama Canal, used the Roosevelt Corollary to control Latin America, & created the Open Door Policy in China But, the USA maintained a policy of neutrality in European affairs

What caused World War I? MILITARISM ALLIANCES IMPERIALISM NATIONALISM

Militarism Britain, France, Germany developed modern armies & navies, leading to an arms race in Europe German battleship, Kaiser By the 20th century, European powers began to glorify war as a means to accomplish their goals

Alliances & Imperialism Germany, Austria-Hungary, & Italy made up the Triple Alliance England, France, & Russia made up the Triple Entente As European nations gained imperial colonies, competition led to rivalries Increasing militarism led nations to form powerful alliances in case of war Alliances & Imperialism

IMPERIALISM Germany & France almost went to war three times over Morocco European nations competed fiercely for colonies in Africa & Asia England & France argued over rights to the Sudan Germany, England, Russia argued over building a railroad in India Competition for colonies often pushed Europeans to the brink of war This competition increased European rivalry & mistrust Another force that helped set the stage for war in Europe was imperialism. As Chapter 27 explained, the nations of Europe competed fiercely for colonies in Africa and Asia. The quest for colonies sometimes pushed European nations to the brink of war. As European countries continued to compete for overseas empires, their sense of rivalry and mistrust of one another deepened.

Pre-War Alliance Network

Feelings of nationalism led strong countries to want to gain more power & led many weaker nations to want to re-define their boundaries Nationalism was strong in the Balkans, where Serbia hoped to unite with Austrian Slavs In 1914, Serbian terrorists assassinated Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand Nationalism

The Outbreak of World War I Serbians vowed to take Bosnia & Herzegovina from Austria-Hungary On June 28, 1914, the Austro-Hungarian Archduke Franz Ferdinand & his wife were assassinated by a Serbian terrorist The assassin Gavrilo Princip

The Outbreak of World War I On July 23, Austria-Hungary issued an ultimatum to Serbia: turn over conspirators & allow an investigation…OR…go to war When Serbia balked at some of the terms, Austria-Hungary declared war on July 28, 1914 Russia had a large population of Slavs & was an ally of Serbia; Russia moved troops to the Austrian border These events set off a chain reaction that started World War I

Schlieffen Plan Schlieffen Plan – Germany’s plan to invade France by moving through Belgium Would bypass major French fortifications by doing so.

The Great War quickly became the first “world war” ??

But by 1917, the USA entered WWI as an Allied Power… WHY? American Neutrality When World War I began in 1914, President Woodrow Wilson declared U.S. neutrality But by 1917, the USA entered WWI as an Allied Power… WHY? 10

Group Activity: Why the USA entered WWI In teams, determine why the USA entered World War I in 1917: Examine the documents provided & complete the chart in your notes After examining all documents, try to group the documents into categories When finished, create a one sentence thesis that explains why the USA entered WWI…be prepared to discuss Have students categorize primary sources and determine why the USA entered WWI: http://edsitement.neh.gov/view_lesson_plan.asp?id=471 http://edsitement.neh.gov/view_lesson_plan.asp?id=472 http://edsitement.neh.gov/view_lesson_plan.asp?id=473 http://edsitement.neh.gov/view_lesson_plan.asp?id=474

America Enters the War By 1917, the USA entered WWI as an Allied Power because: German unrestricted submarine warfare violated U.S. free trade Germany’s Zimmerman Telegram offered to return the Mexican Cession if Mexico invaded the USA President Wilson hoped to stop the Central Powers & make the world “safe for democracy” The USA declared war in April 1917 10

Here are the documents for the class activity

Document A

Intercepted telegram from Germany to Mexico, 1917 Document B Intercepted telegram from Germany to Mexico, 1917

Document C U.S. War Loans 1914—1917: To the Allied Powers: $2.25 billion To the Central Powers: $27 million

U.S. Losses to German Submarine Warfare, 1916-1918 Document D U.S. Losses to German Submarine Warfare, 1916-1918

Document E The German officer knocked at the door… The officer ordered the soldiers to break down the door, which two of them did. The peasant came and asked what they were doing. His hands were tied behind his back, and he was shot at once without a moment’s delay. The wife came out with a little sucking child. One of the Germans took a rifle and struck her a tremendous blow with the butt on the head. Another took his bayonet and fixed it and thrust it through the child. He then put his rifle on his shoulder with the child up on it, its little arms stretched out once or twice. The officers ordered the house to be set on fire…The man, his wife and child were thrown on top. (James Bryce, head of the Committee on Alleged German Atrocities as reported to British Parliament, 1915)

Document F We shall fight for the things which we have always carried nearest our hearts,—for democracy, for the right of those who submit to authority to have a voice in their own Governments, for the rights and liberties of small nations, for a universal dominion of right by such a concert of free peoples as shall bring peace and safety to all nations and make the world itself at last free…The world must be made safe for democracy. (President Wilson's war message, April, 1917)

Document G

Document H To whom does war bring prosperity? Not to the soldier who for the compensation of $16 per month shoulders his musket and goes into the trench, there to shed his blood and to die if necessary; not to the mother who weeps at the death of her brave boy; not to the little children who shiver with cold; nor the millions of mothers and daughters who carry broken hearts to their graves. War brings prosperity to the stock gambler on Wall Street – to those who are already in possession of more wealth than can be enjoyed…Their object in having war and in preparing for war is to make money. The enormous profits of munition manufacturers, stockbrokers, and bond dealers must be still further increased by our entrance into the war. (Senator George Norris, in response to the U.S. declaration of war, April 1917)