Variability in mortality following caesarean delivery, appendectomy, and groin hernia repair in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review.

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Variability in mortality following caesarean delivery, appendectomy, and groin hernia repair in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and analysis of published data Tarsicio Uribe-Leitz, MD, Joshua Jaramillo, BA, Lydia Maurer, BA, Rui Fu, BE, Micaela M Esquivel, MD, Prof Atul A Gawande, MD, Alex B Haynes, MD, Dr Thomas G Weiser, MD The Lancet Global Health Volume 4, Issue 3, Pages e165-e174 (March 2016) DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(15)00320-4 Copyright © 2016 Uribe-Leitz et al. Open Access article distributed under the terms of CC BY Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Study selection LMICs=low-income and middle-income countries. *Total citations are not additive because one ministry report (Burkina Faso) provided mortality data for all three procedures and another ministry report (Bulgaria) did so for appendectomy and groin hernia repair. The Lancet Global Health 2016 4, e165-e174DOI: (10.1016/S2214-109X(15)00320-4) Copyright © 2016 Uribe-Leitz et al. Open Access article distributed under the terms of CC BY Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Estimated surgical mortality for caesarean delivery (A), appendectomy (B), and groin hernia repair (C) by Global Burden of Disease (GBD) subregion Data are median (IQR). The Lancet Global Health 2016 4, e165-e174DOI: (10.1016/S2214-109X(15)00320-4) Copyright © 2016 Uribe-Leitz et al. Open Access article distributed under the terms of CC BY Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Relative risk of mortality following caesarean delivery (A), appendectomy (B), and groin hernia repair (C) by WHO region (compared with published surgical mortality from the Netherlands) Point is median, error bars are IQR. AFRO=Regional Office for Africa. AMRO=Regional Office for the Americas. EMRO=Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean. EURO=Regional Office for Europe. SEARO=Regional Office for South-East Asia. WPRO=Regional Office for the Western Pacific. The Lancet Global Health 2016 4, e165-e174DOI: (10.1016/S2214-109X(15)00320-4) Copyright © 2016 Uribe-Leitz et al. Open Access article distributed under the terms of CC BY Terms and Conditions