Volume 31, Issue 3, Pages 422-428 (June 2012) Thiamine deficiency related microstructural brain changes in acute and acute-on-chronic liver failure of non-alcoholic etiology  Rakesh Kumar Gupta, Santosh Kumar Yadav, Vivek Anand Saraswat, Murali Rangan, Anshu Srivastava, Abhishek Yadav, Richa Trivedi, Surendra Kumar Yachha, Ram Kishore Singh Rathore  Clinical Nutrition  Volume 31, Issue 3, Pages 422-428 (June 2012) DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2011.11.018 Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Demonstration of methodology used for tract reconstruction from 18-year old healthy subject. Stable fiber mass maps showing selection of planes for the reconstruction of respective right tract. Clinical Nutrition 2012 31, 422-428DOI: (10.1016/j.clnu.2011.11.018) Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Image showing the mean ± SD of blood thiamine levels in controls, acute-on-chronic liver failure and acute liver failure patients. ∗Showed significant difference between patients and controls. Clinical Nutrition 2012 31, 422-428DOI: (10.1016/j.clnu.2011.11.018) Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Image showing the mammillary bodies size in control, acute-on-chronic liver failure and acute liver failure patient. Mammillary bodies' size of acute-on-chronic liver failure and acute liver failure patients appeared reduced in size as compared to control. Note the T1 hyperintensity in the brain stem of the ACLF patient. This is the manifestation of chronic liver disease secondary to manganese deposition in patients who subsequently develop acute liver insult. Clinical Nutrition 2012 31, 422-428DOI: (10.1016/j.clnu.2011.11.018) Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Shows fornix fiber bundle in healthy control (A), baseline (B) and in post recovery (C) in acute liver failure patients. Clinical Nutrition 2012 31, 422-428DOI: (10.1016/j.clnu.2011.11.018) Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Scattered plot showing correlation of blood thiamine levels with mammillary bodies and fornix volume in patient of acute-on-chronic liver failure and acute liver failure. Clinical Nutrition 2012 31, 422-428DOI: (10.1016/j.clnu.2011.11.018) Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism Terms and Conditions