Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology Eleventh Edition Chapter 26 The Urinary System Clicker Questions

What is the composition of the filtrate in the capsular space? like urine, only more concentrated similar to water like urine, only less concentrated similar to plasma, only no proteins Answer: d

What is the composition of the filtrate in the capsular space? like urine, only more concentrated similar to water like urine, only less concentrated similar to plasma, only no proteins

What part of the nephron is involved with obligatory water, ion, and organic nutrient reabsorption? PCT DCT glomerular capillaries nephron loop Answer: a

What part of the nephron is involved with obligatory water, ion, and organic nutrient reabsorption? PCT DCT glomerular capillaries nephron loop

Why don’t plasma proteins pass into the capsular space under normal circumstances? Glomerular capillary pores are too small. Glomerular blood pressure is too low. Glomerular filtration rate is too low. Glomerular blood flow is too slow. Answer: a

Why don’t plasma proteins pass into the capsular space under normal circumstances? Glomerular capillary pores are too small. Glomerular blood pressure is too low. Glomerular filtration rate is too low. Glomerular blood flow is too slow.

What is the major driving force behind filtrate production? capsular hydrostatic pressure the osmotic pressure of the blood hydrostatic pressure in the afferent arteriole hydrostatic pressure in the efferent arteriole Answer: c

What is the major driving force behind filtrate production? capsular hydrostatic pressure the osmotic pressure of the blood hydrostatic pressure in the afferent arteriole hydrostatic pressure in the efferent arteriole

Why are glomerular pressures higher than pressure in other capillaries? The efferent arteriole has a smaller diameter than the afferent arteriole, increasing resistance. Sodium content of the filtrate increases pressure. E and NE cause increased glomerular pressure. The length of the afferent arteriole is longer than the efferent arteriole. Answer: a

Why are glomerular pressures higher than pressure in other capillaries? The efferent arteriole has a smaller diameter than the afferent arteriole, increasing resistance. Sodium content of the filtrate increases pressure. E and NE cause increased glomerular pressure. The length of the afferent arteriole is longer than the efferent arteriole.

What effect does renin have on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)? It will decrease the GFR and vasoconstrict the efferent arteriole. It will increase the GFR and vasoconstrict the efferent arteriole. It will raise the GFR and vasoconstrict the afferent arteriole. None of the above are correct. Answer: b

What effect does renin have on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)? It will decrease the GFR and vasoconstrict the efferent arteriole. It will increase the GFR and vasoconstrict the efferent arteriole. It will raise the GFR and vasoconstrict the afferent arteriole. None of the above are correct.

Why is the presence of microvilli important to the epithelial tissue of the PCT? because most reabsorption occurs at the PCT because filtration is taking place because secretion of toxins and ions are actively secreted to waste at the PCT because hormonally controlled reabsorption of water and sodium occurs in the PCT Answer: a

Why is the presence of microvilli important to the epithelial tissue of the PCT? because most reabsorption occurs at the PCT because filtration is taking place because secretion of toxins and ions are actively secreted to waste at the PCT because hormonally controlled reabsorption of water and sodium occurs in the PCT

Why does the filtrate dilute all along the ascending loop? A fatty acid here restricts water from leaving the filtrate. Uric acid is produced in this area. Water channels allow it to mix with the filtrate. Sodium and chloride leave the ascending loop. Answer: d

Why does the filtrate dilute all along the ascending loop? A fatty acid here restricts water from leaving the filtrate. Uric acid is produced here. Water channels allow it to mix with the filtrate. Sodium and chloride leave the ascending loop.

A decrease in Na+ in the blood leads to an increase in blood pressure because _____. it increases aldosterone secretion it increases testosterone production it increases ADH secretion both A and C Answer: d

A decrease in Na+ in the blood leads to an increase in blood pressure because _____. it increases aldosterone secretion it increases testosterone production it increases ADH secretion both A and C

Why does osmotic concentration decrease in the thick ascending limb of the nephron loop? Urea is transported out of the tubule. Na+ and CI– are actively transported out of the tubular fluid. The thick ascending limb is permeable to water. Both A and B are correct. Answer: b

Why does osmotic concentration decrease in the thick ascending limb of the nephron loop? Urea is transported out of the tubule. Na+ and CI– are actively transported out of the tubular fluid. The thick ascending limb is permeable to water. Both A and B are correct.

Which structures exit at the hilum of the kidney? ureter and renal vein renal capsule renal capsule and renal sinus both A and B Answer: a

Which structures exit at the hilum of the kidney? ureter and renal vein renal capsule renal capsule and renal sinus both A and B

An obstruction of a ureter by a kidney stone limits the flow of urine between which two points? ureter and urethra renal medulla and renal pelvis renal medulla and urethra renal pelvis and urinary bladder Answer: d

An obstruction of a ureter by a kidney stone limits the flow of urine between which two points? ureter and urethra renal medulla and renal pelvis renal medulla and urethra renal pelvis and urinary bladder

The ability to control the micturition reflex depends on the ability to control which muscle? urogenital diaphragm internal urethral sphincter external urethral sphincter coccygeus Answer: c

The ability to control the micturition reflex depends on the ability to control which muscle? urogenital diaphragm internal urethral sphincter external urethral sphincter coccygeus

Mary has had a urinalysis that indicates a high level of bilirubin Mary has had a urinalysis that indicates a high level of bilirubin. What condition may she have? liver disease anorexia ketonuria renal infection Answer: a

Mary has had a urinalysis that indicates a high level of bilirubin Mary has had a urinalysis that indicates a high level of bilirubin. What condition may she have? liver disease anorexia ketonuria renal infection

What effect does eating a high-protein diet have on the composition of urine? increased urea increased potassium decreased fluid volume both A and C Answer: a

What effect does eating a high-protein diet have on the composition of urine? increased urea increased potassium decreased fluid volume both A and C

Which portion of a nephron is NOT in the renal cortex? proximal convoluted tubule distal convoluted tubule collecting duct nephron loop Answer: d

Which portion of a nephron is NOT in the renal cortex? proximal convoluted tubule distal convoluted tubule collecting duct nephron loop

Damage to which part of the nephron interferes with hormonal control of blood pressure? Bowman’s capsule juxtaglomerular complex PCT nephron loop Answer: b

Damage to which part of the nephron interferes with hormonal control of blood pressure? Bowman’s capsule juxtaglomerular complex PCT nephron loop

What happens when plasma glucose concentration exceeds its renal threshold? Glomerular blood pressure increases. Filtration shuts down. Excess glucose is excreted in urine. Glomerular osmotic pressure decreases. Answer: c

What happens when plasma glucose concentration exceeds its renal threshold? Glomerular blood pressure increases. Filtration shuts down. Excess glucose is excreted in urine. Glomerular osmotic pressure decreases.

How would the absence of juxtamedullary nephrons affect the volume of urine and its osmotic concentration? decrease volume; decrease osmotic concentration decrease volume; increase osmotic concentration increase volume; decrease osmotic concentration increase volume; increase osmotic concentration Answer: c

How would the absence of juxtamedullary nephrons affect the volume of urine and its osmotic concentration? decrease volume; decrease osmotic concentration decrease volume; increase osmotic concentration increase volume; decrease osmotic concentration increase volume; increase osmotic concentration

The concentration of filtrate is greatest in _____ The concentration of filtrate is greatest in _____. This is because _____. the PCT; the PCT is where most reabsorption occurs the bottom of the nephron loop; solutes are concentrated the DCT; water diffuses out the glomerulus; it has highest concentration of solutes Answer: b

The concentration of filtrate is greatest in _____ The concentration of filtrate is greatest in _____. This is because _____. the PCT; the PCT is where most reabsorption occurs the bottom of the nephron loop; solutes are concentrated the DCT; water diffuses out the glomerulus; it has highest concentration of solutes

Why would drinking seawater result in dehydration? Seawater is 1000 mOsm/L compared to body fluids at 300 mOsm/L Excess sodium taken into the body needs to be excreted, which requires water. A potassium deficiency results. Both A and B are correct. Answer: d

Why would drinking seawater result in dehydration? Seawater is 1000 mOsm/L compared to body fluids at 300 mOsm/L Excess sodium taken into the body needs to be excreted, which requires water. A potassium deficiency results. Both A and B are correct.

How are cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons structurally different? Cortical nephrons are surrounded by vasa recta. Cortical nephrons have very short PCTs. Juxtamedullary nephrons have longer nephron loops. All of the above are correct. Answer: c

How are cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons structurally different? Cortical nephrons are surrounded by vasa recta. Cortical nephrons have very short PCTs. Juxtamedullary nephrons have longer nephron loops. All of the above are correct.

What effect does an increased amount of aldosterone have on K+ concentration of urine? K+ increases K+ decreases no effect impossible to predict Answer: a

What effect does an increased amount of aldosterone have on K+ concentration of urine? K+ increases K+ decreases no effect impossible to predict

All of the following EXCEPT _____ are effects of angiotensin II. elevation of glomerular pressures and GFR inhibition of ADH release elevation of arterial pressure throughout the body stimulation of Na+ reabsorption in the DCT Answer: b

All of the following EXCEPT _____ are effects of angiotensin II. elevation of glomerular pressures and GFR inhibition of ADH release elevation of arterial pressure throughout the body stimulation of Na+ reabsorption in the DCT

What is the role of the vasa recta in the urinary system? increasing specific gravity of urine increasing the osmotic concentration of urine returning water and solutes to general circulation cleansing blood before it reenters systemic circulation Answer: c

What is the role of the vasa recta in the urinary system? increasing specific gravity of urine increasing the osmotic concentration of urine returning water and solutes to general circulation cleansing blood before it reenters systemic circulation

What direct effect does sympathetic activation have on GFR? produces powerful vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole produces powerful vasoconstriction of glomerular capillaries produces dilation of the afferent arteriole produces dilation of glomerular capillaries and constriction of the efferent arteriole Answer: a

What direct effect does sympathetic activation have on GFR? produces powerful vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole produces powerful vasoconstriction of glomerular capillaries produces dilation of the afferent arteriole produces dilation of glomerular capillaries and constriction of the efferent arteriole