Blood typing

What is in blood? Red Blood Cells White blood cells Platelets Plasma Carry oxygen throughout body Determine blood type

What makes up our blood? RED BLOOD CELLS– The most abundant cells in our blood; they are produced in the bone marrow and contain a protein called hemoglobin that carries oxygen to our cells. WHITE BLOOD CELLS – They are part of the immune system and destroy infectious agents called pathogens. (viruses and bacteria) PLASMA – The yellowish liquid portion of blood that contains electrolytes, nutrients and vitamins, hormones, clotting factors, and proteins such as antibodies to fight infection. PLATELETS– The clotting factors that are carried in the plasma; they clot together in a process called coagulation to seal a wound and prevent a loss of blood.

How is our blood type determined? Your blood type is established before you are BORN, by specific GENES inherited from your parents. You receive one gene from your MOTHER and one from your FATHER. These two genes determine your blood type by causing proteins to exist on the surface of all of your red blood cells.

Allele choices are: _____ ____ ____ A B o BLOOD TYPES have more than 2 allele choices = _________________________ Allele choices are: _____ ____ ____ MULTIPLE ALLELE TRAIT A B o

BLOOD TYPES An “A” allele tells the cell to put “A” proteins on its surface

BLOOD TYPES A “B” allele tells the cell to put “B” proteins on its surface

A and B are CO-DOMINANT A cell with BOTH an A and a B allele has BOTH proteins on its surface

o is Recessive to A and B An “o” allele is recessive and tells the cell NOT to put anything on the surface

Transfusions Blood transfusions are done to replace blood lost during surgery or due to a serious injury. A transfusion also may be done if your body can't make blood properly because of an illness. In order for transfusion to work, the blood type of the donor and the blood type of the person receiving the transfusion must be compatible. If the blood types are not compatible, special proteins called antibodies which are part of the person’s immune system, will attack the donated blood causing the person’s blood to clump together (Agglutination)

(NOT ABLE TO RECEIVE DONOR BLOOD) (ABLE TO RECEIVE DONOR BLOOD) BLOOD TYPES DONOR BLOOD YOU ARE DIFFERENT! IMMUNE SYSTEM ATTACKS! (NOT ABLE TO RECEIVE DONOR BLOOD) YOU DON’T HAVE ANYTHING I DON’T HAVE! (ABLE TO RECEIVE DONOR BLOOD)

(NOT ABLE TO RECEIVE DONOR BLOOD) (ABLE TO RECEIVE DONOR BLOOD) BLOOD TYPES DONOR BLOOD YOU ARE DIFFERENT! IMMUNE SYSTEM ATTACKS! (NOT ABLE TO RECEIVE DONOR BLOOD) YOU DON’T HAVE ANYTHING I DON’T HAVE! (ABLE TO RECEIVE DONOR BLOOD)

(NOT ABLE TO RECEIVE DONOR BLOOD) (ABLE TO RECEIVE DONOR BLOOD) BLOOD TYPES DONOR BLOOD YOU ARE DIFFERENT! IMMUNE SYSTEM ATTACKS! (NOT ABLE TO RECEIVE DONOR BLOOD) YOU DON’T HAVE ANYTHING I DON’T HAVE! (ABLE TO RECEIVE DONOR BLOOD)

BLOOD TYPES O YOU DON’T HAVE ANYTHING I DON’T HAVE! DONOR BLOOD O ____ can DONATE to EVERY BLOOD TYPE = _____________________ Nothing on surface to recognize as “NOT SELF” YOU DON’T HAVE ANYTHING I DON’T HAVE! (ALL ABLE TO RECEIVE O BLOOD) UNIVERSAL DONOR

BLOOD TYPES ALL OF YOU DON’T HAVE ANYTHING I DON’T HAVE! AB DONOR BLOODS AB ______ can RECEIVE from EVERY BLOOD TYPE = ________________________ UNIVERSAL RECIPIENT

ABO SYSTEM is NOT THE ONLY ONE Rh+ Rh-

Rh Factors A+ A- B+ B- AB+ AB- O+ O- Scientists sometimes study Rhesus monkeys to learn more about the human anatomy because there are certain similarities between the two species. While studying Rhesus monkeys, a certain blood protein was discovered. This protein is also present in the blood of some people. Other people, however, do not have the protein. If your blood does contain the Rh protein, your blood is said to be Rh positive (Rh+). If your blood does not contain the Rh protein, your blood is said to be Rh negative (Rh-). Rh negative (Rh-) cannot get a blood transfusion from Rh positive (Rh+) people. A+ A- B+ B- AB+ AB- O+ O-

(NOT ABLE TO RECEIVE DONOR BLOOD) (ABLE TO RECEIVE DONOR BLOOD) Rh Factor DONOR BLOOD YOU ARE DIFFERENT! IMMUNE SYSTEM ATTACKS! (NOT ABLE TO RECEIVE DONOR BLOOD) YOU DON’T HAVE ANYTHING I DON’T HAVE! (ABLE TO RECEIVE DONOR BLOOD)