Path to Independence and Republicanism Unit 3 Chapter 6 Making War and Republican Governments

Revolutionary War Patriot success Treaty of Paris 1783 Ideological commitment George Washington Continental Army Battle of Saratoga 1777 Treaty of Alliance 1778 Battle of Yorktown 1781 Treaty of Paris 1783

Effects of War Increased awareness of inequalities Call for abolition Greater political participation in new state and national government French Revolution, Haitian Revolution Republican Motherhood

Articles of Confederation “Firm League of Friendship” Western Land main point of contention Land Ordinance 1785 Northwest Ordinance 1787

State Claims to Western Lands

Land Ordinance of 1785

Articles of Confederation Provisions Congress, no executive or judicial Equal representation 2/3 majority for approval of legislation Amendments required unanimous consent

Article of Confederation Intentionally weak States had the power No power to regulate commerce No power to tax Vulnerable to revolution Newburgh Conspiracy 1783 Shay’s Rebellion 1786 Barbary Pirates Weakness would lead to Constitution

James Madison Father of the Constitution Federalism “We the people…” not “We the states…”

A Bundle of Compromises Representation Virginia Plan New Jersey Plan The Great Compromise Strong Executive branch Elastic Clause and Supremacy Clause Commerce Clause

North-South Issues Three-fifths Compromise Slave trade would end in 1808 Fugitive slave provision

Conservative Safeguards Check the excesses of the “mob” Shay’s Rebellion, American Revolution Federal judges appointed for life Electoral College Senators chosen indirectly by state legislators Charles Beard Economic Interpretation of the Constitution. 1913

Ratification Special conventions to ratify Anti-Federalists No Bill of Rights Federalists The Federalist Papers-Hamilton and Madison Separation of powers. Federalist 51 Extended republic to control factions. The bigger the better. Federalists 10

Hamilton, Madison, and Jay

Analysis To what extent was the United States Constitution a radical departure from the Articles of Confederation?