By Gaurav Chaudhary 15/IC/24

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Presentation transcript:

By Gaurav Chaudhary 15/IC/24 CAPACITORS By Gaurav Chaudhary 15/IC/24

Highlights Introduction Types of capacitors Capacitor and Capacitance Charging and Discharging Capacitors as series and parallel Applications Advantages and disadvantages Future possibilities Conclusion Reference

Introduction Electronic component Two conducting surfaces separated by an insulating material (dielectric) Stores electric charge Symbol

Types of capacitor Polar capacitor :- Such capacitors that has polarity. Also known as electrolytic capacitors. Non-polar capacitor :- Such capacitor that has no polarity. Ceramic and mica are some non-polarized capacitor.

Capacitor and Capacitance Increase in charge Q stored on the plates results in increase in voltage V across the plates Q α V Q = C*V The proportionality const. is capacitance C so, C= Q/V Also, C= (ꞒoꞒr*A)/D Unit of capacitance is farad, F. so, 1F= 1C /V

Charging and Discharging When switch is at 1 then capacitor is charging. When switch is at 2 then it discharges through resistor. For discharging, V=Vo*e^-(t/RC) For charging, V=Vo[1-e^-(t/RC)]

Capacitor as series and parallel Capacitors in Parallel Circuits Following is the formula for calculating total capacitance in a circuit containing capacitors in parallel. C = C1 + C2 + C3 ... Capacitors in Series Circuits Following is the formula for calculating total capacitance in a circuit containing two capacitors in series. C = (C1 + C2) ÷ (C1 × C2)…

Applications Energy storage Digital memory Motor starter Noise filtering As sensors Producing lights etc.

Cntd.. Capacitive sensor Oscillators:

Advantages and disadvantages long life with little degradation and environmental friendly Very high rate of charge and discharge Improves safety Low cost per cycle • Disadvantages: As with any capacitor, the voltage varies with the energy stored. Effective storage and recovery of energy requires complex electronic control and switching equipment, with consequent losses of energy Linear discharge voltage prevents use of the full energy spectrum. High self-discharge – the rate is considerably higher than that of an electrochemical battery.

Future possibilities Using next level of capacitors, it will be possible to invent paper-thin electronic devices. Charging a device will be completed in a few seconds. Energy can be stored for a long period of time.

Summary Capacitors are energy storage device Life cannot be imagined without capacitors It provides energy storage system to restrain the bus voltage fluctuations in the micro grid. It is used for safety purposes It compensate the energy effectively when the voltage sag occurred in the bus of the micro grid

Reference Google photos https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitor www.electronics-tutorials.ws