Places, Models, and Modalities of Practice chapter 5 Places, Models, and Modalities of Practice Richard Williams, EdD, CTRS

Learning Outcomes Identify potential places of practice for therapeutic recreation professionals Describe elements of predominant models of practice Identify philosophical differences and similarities across such models Identify conceptual differences and similarities across such models Identify commonly used therapeutic recreation modalities Identify potential applications of various modalities within specific client populations

Settings Hospitals Nursing homes Acute care Outpatient services Psychiatric care Rehabilitation hospitals Nursing homes Municipal therapeutic recreation settings Other settings Correctional facilities Camps Wilderness therapy Schools

Practice Models Leisure Ability Peterson and Gunn, 1984; Stumbo and Peterson, 1998 Functional intervention Physical Mental Social Emotional Leisure education Leisure awareness Leisure resources Social skills Activity skills Recreation participation (continued)

Practice Models (continued) Health Protection-Health Promotion Austin, 1997 Prescriptive activities Recreation Health (continued)

Practice Models (continued) Recreation Service Model Burlingame, 1998 Attempts to integrate therapeutic recreation services into the wider system of health care delivery Based on World Health Organization (WHO) model of health care service Therapeutic recreation services are then to be provided within the context of this model.

Therapeutic Recreation Treatment Modalities Defining treatment modality Common modalities Games Exercise Parties Arts and crafts Community reintegration activities Music Problem-solving activities Sports Self-esteem activities Activities of daily living (continued)

Therapeutic Recreation Treatment Modalities (continued) Different modalities are appropriate for different populations (table 5.1) Therapeutic recreation specialists must identify potential modalities, ensure that they are appropriate for client goals, and implement them in a competent manner (table 5.2).

Common Modalities in Rehabilitation Kinney et al., 2004 Community reintegration Games Arts and crafts Problem solving Exercise Additional common rehabilitation modalities are presented in chapter 8

Common Modalities in Mental Health Kinney et al., 2004 Games Self-esteem experiences Problem solving Exercise Arts and crafts Additional common modalities in mental health are presented in chapter 10

Common Modalities for Older Adults Kinney et al., 2004 Music Parties Games Exercise Arts and crafts Additional common modalities for older adults are presented in chapter 12

Discussion Questions Why have many therapeutic recreation service models been proposed? Which therapeutic recreation service model presented in this chapter appears to be the most useful? In which therapeutic recreation setting would you most like to work? With the large number of therapeutic recreation treatment options available, how does a therapeutic recreation specialist choose which interventions to use with her or his clients? What is the difference between the implementation of a therapeutic recreation intervention such as arts and crafts and a client’s choice to do a crafts project in her free time?