UNCA UAS Integration 04/23/2017 Louis Toms Office of Sponsored Programs

Disclaimer!

Primer

UAVs are not new!

COST & FLEXIBILITY Why all the hubbub? MD-500E Cessna 182 Phantom 4 Purchase $699,000.00 $174,900.00 $1,199.00 Annual Fixed Costs* $8,000.00 $7,777.00 $860.00 Hourly Costs $300.00 $182.00 ~$0.50 Total $707,300.00 $182,859.00 $2,259.50 COST & FLEXIBILITY * Inspection, repairs, hanger fees, insurance, etc.

Increased Concerns

FAA Modernization & Reform Act of 2012 Integration of UAS/UAV into the National Airspace System without: Reducing existing capacity Decreasing safety Impacting current operations Placing other airspace users and persons and property on the ground at increased risk Establishes criteria for Vehicles (model airplanes, UAVs, rockets) Operators (hobby/recreational, civil, & public) Governmental Oversight Fluidity

Operation Classification Amateur Rocket Recreation Science / Education Model Aircraft Education Aircraft Civil (Commercial Activities) Public (Government Function)

Square Peg, Round Hole Unmanned Aerial Vehicles are defined as aircraft. The University had to comply with civil aviation requirements, including: Aircraft Registration Airworthiness Certificates Recreational Pilot Certificate or higher for operators Problem: Remotely piloted aerial vehicles are different from traditional civil aviation aircraft. Limited Exemptions

Exemptions (Pre-August 2016) Section 333: Civil Operations Section 334: Public Operations Any UAS used for Commercial Purpose (i.e., compensation) Two step process: 1) Request exemption from certain regulations; and 2) to extent use exceeds “blanket” Certificate of Waiver or Authority (COA), request civil COA. Any UAS used for a Government Purpose (i.e., no compensation) Single step process: Requires a public Certificate of Waiver or Authority (COA) Applicable to public entities only.

Government Function vs Commercial Activity Pub. L. 112-95 Sec. 334 14 CFR Part 107 All aircraft owned by UNC Asheville Public Purpose Law Enforcement, Search and Rescue, Aerospace Research, Biological Resource Management, Geological Resource Management Operations in Class G airspace can be authorized by UNC Asheville UNC Asheville may petition for ANY UAS operation Night Flying, Beyond Line of Sight, Delivery Services, Above +400 ft Takes 3-8 months to approve All aircraft owned by UNC Asheville Commercial Purpose Education, Research, Campus Property Management, Public Affairs, Sporting Events, etc. Operations in Class B, C, D & E airspace with ATC permission and Class G airspace without ATC permission. UNC Asheville may petition for ANY UAS operation Night Flying, Beyond Line of Sight, Over People, Above +400 ft Takes 3-8 months to approve

UNC Asheville UAV Integration Monitoring Research Planning Development Implementation

Monitoring Spring 2015 SPARC Meeting NCSU NextGen Air Transportation Consortium UNC Asheville Administration Briefing Key 1 – How should the University proceed? Key 2 – Who should manage UAV operations? August 2015 CRO Meeting UNC Asheville Administration Update Key 2 – OSSP does not wish to become flight operations for the campus! November 2015 - OSSP sends out campus phishing email = ZERO RESPONSES Winter Break 2015 UAVs COME TO UNC ASHEVILLE!!!! OSSP IS CAMPUS FLIGHT OPERATIONS!!!!

Research Regulatory Review Support Solicitation Internet Search Federal (i.e., Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR) and Pub. L 112-95) North Carolina (i.e., NCGS 63-95 and NCGS 63-96) Support Solicitation UNC System NCSU NextGen Air Transportation Consortium Council of Public Liberal Arts Colleges UNC Asheville Peer Institutions Targeted Institutions Civil Air Patrol Internet Search

Research Universities may not regulate FAA airspace, but they may put into place policies regarding student use of UAVs on campus. Laws and policies traditionally related to state/local police power – including land use, zoning, privacy, trespass can be implemented. 14 CFR 91.13 – Careless or Reckless Operation (a) Aircraft operation for the purpose of air navigation. No person may operate an aircraft in a careless or reckless manner so as to endanger the life and property of another.

Planning INTEGRATE University UAV operations (hobby/recreational, commercial & government) into the National Air Space ESTABLISH criteria for Vehicles (model airplanes, UAVs, rockets) Operators (hobby/recreational, civil, & public) University management FLUIDITY

Development (Pre-August 2016) Office of Sponsored Scholarship and Programs Request a Certificate of Authorization Requires a letter of determination from the Office of the State Attorney General Identify University aircraft Register aircraft with the FAA (AC Form 8050-1) Assist faculty navigating the regulatory requirements Pilot certification Student educational use Draft policies and procedures UAV Working Group Formalize procedures for on-campus operations Areas represented Academic Affairs - Public Safety Research Administration - Facilities Management Student Affairs - Emergency Management Finance - Legal

Development (Post-August 2016) Step 1 – Faculty / Staff Operations Register all university UAVs Qualify all university UAV operators Request a FAA Certificate of Authorization (COA) Establish flight operations procedures Step 2 – General Campus Operations Establish an area to conduct recreational flight operations on campus Establish a policy for campus flight operations Establish flight operations for educational purposes Step 3 – Flight Management Policies and procedures formalized Management committee established Inform the campus community of the university’s processes

Implementation Faculty Staff Operations Office of Sponsored Scholarship and Programs Aircraft registration x 3 Faculty stipends x 3 Draft policies and procedures Campus operations (Draft) Educational operations (Draft) Flight operations (Draft) Office of General Counsel Certificate of Authorization Request General Campus Operations – Hold Flight Management

Future Regulatory Actions

Already on the Table Beyond Line of Sight UAV Traffic Management Long-range inspections (agriculture, forestry, range management, etc.) and delivery services UAV Traffic Management How do we keep all the drones from crashing into each other? NASA is creating a system for UAV Traffic Management Large UAVs UAVs over 55lbs