14 Long-Term Liabilities: Bonds and Notes Accounting Using Excel for Success PowerPoint Presentation by: Douglas Cloud, Professor Emeritus Accounting, Pepperdine University © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password- protected website for classroom use. 14 Long-Term Liabilities: Bonds and Notes Student Version

1 Compute the potential impact of long-term borrowing on earnings per share. 14-2

1 Bond A bond is simply a form of an interest-bearing note. Like a note, a bond requires periodic interest payments, and the face amount must be repaid at the maturity date.

1 Huckadee Corporation is considering the following plans to issue debt and equity:

Net Income – Preferred Dividends Number of Common Shares Outstanding 1 Earnings per share (EPS) measure the income earned by each share of common stock. It is computed as follows: Net Income – Preferred Dividends Earnings per share = Number of Common Shares Outstanding Data for Huckadee Corporation: Earnings before interest and taxes are $800,000. The tax rate is 40%. All bonds or stocks are issued at their par or face value.

1 Effect of Alternative Financing Plans—$800,000 earnings. Exhibit 1

1 Effect of Alternative Financing Plans—$440,000 earnings. Exhibit 2

Describe the characteristics and terminology of bonds payable. 2 Describe the characteristics and terminology of bonds payable. 14-8

Bond Characteristics and Terminology 2 Bond Characteristics and Terminology The underlying contract between the company issuing bonds and the bondholders is called a bond indenture or trust indenture.

Bond Characteristics and Terminology 2 Bond Characteristics and Terminology Usually, the face value of each bond, called the principal, is $1,000 or a multiple of $1,000. Interest on bonds may be payable annually, semiannually, or quarterly. Most pay interest semiannually.

Bond Characteristics and Terminology 2 Bond Characteristics and Terminology When all bonds of an issue mature at the same time, they are called term bonds. If the maturity dates are spread over several dates, they are called serial bonds. Bonds that may be exchanged for other securities are called convertible bonds.

Bond Characteristics and Terminology 2 Bond Characteristics and Terminology Bonds that a corporation reserves the right to redeem before their maturity are called callable bonds. Bonds issued on the basis of general credit of the corporation are debenture bonds.

MARKET RATE = CONTRACT RATE 2 MARKET RATE = CONTRACT RATE Selling price of bond = $1,000 If the contract rate equals the market rate of interest, the bonds will sell at their face amount.

MARKET RATE > CONTRACT RATE 2 MARKET RATE > CONTRACT RATE Selling price of bond < $1,000 Discount - If the market rate is higher than the contract rate, the bonds will sell at a discount.

MARKET < CONTRACT RATE 2 MARKET < CONTRACT RATE Selling price of bond > $1,000 Premium + If the market rate is lower than the contract rate, the bonds will sell at a premium.

Journalize entries for bonds payable. 3 Journalize entries for bonds payable. 14-16

Bonds Issued at Face Amount 3 Bonds Issued at Face Amount On January 1, 2009, Eastern Montana Communications Inc. issued for cash $100,000 of 12%, five-year bonds; interest payable semiannually. The market rate of interest is 12%.

3 Since the bond rate of interest and the market rate of interest are the same, the bonds will sell at their face amount.

3 Every six months (on June 30 and December 31) after the bonds are issued, interest of $6,000 ($100,000 × .12 × 6/12) is paid.

3 The bond matured on December 31, 2013. At this time, the corporation paid the face amount to the bondholder.

Bonds Issued at a Discount 3 Bonds Issued at a Discount On January 1, 2009, Western Wyoming Distribution Inc. issued $100,000, 12% (paid semiannually on June 30 and December 31), five-year bonds when the market rate was 13%.

3 On January 1, 2009, the firm issued $100,000 bonds for $96,406 (a discount of $3,594). The discount may be viewed as the amount required by investors to accept a bond rate of interest below the market rate.

Straight-Line Amortization 3 Straight-Line Amortization On June 30, 2009, six-months’ interest is paid and the bond discount is amortized ($3,594 × 1/10) on the five-year bond issued in Slide 27. * *$100,000 × 12% × 6/12

Bonds Issued at a Premium 3 Bonds Issued at a Premium On January 1, 2009, Northern Idaho Transportation Inc. issued a $100,000, 12%, five-year bond for $103,769. The market rate of interest was 11%.

Amortizing a Bond Premium 3 Amortizing a Bond Premium The first entry to record the interest payment and the amortization of the $100,000, 12%, five-year bond issued on January 1, 2009 (Slide 32), is made on June 30, 2009. 6,000.00

3 Bond Redemption A corporation may call or redeem bonds before they mature. Callable bonds can be redeemed by the issuing corporation within the period of time and the price stated in the bond indenture. Normally, the call price is above the face value.

3 On June 30, a corporation has a bond issue of $100,000 outstanding on which there is an unamortized premium of $4,000. The corporation purchases one-fourth of the bonds for $24,000. Gains and losses on the redemption of bonds are reported as Other Income (Loss).

3 The corporation calls the remaining $75,000 of outstanding bonds, which are held by a private investor, for $79,500 on July 1, 2009.

Describe and illustrate the accounting for installment notes. 4 Describe and illustrate the accounting for installment notes. 14-29

4 Installment Notes An installment note is a debt that requires the borrower to make equal periodic payments to the lender for the term of the note. Unlike bonds, a note payment consists of payment of a portion of the amount initially borrowed (the principal) and payment of interest on the outstanding balance.

Issuing an Installment Note 4 Issuing an Installment Note Lewis Company issues a $24,000, 6%, five-year note to City National Bank on January 1, 2008. The annual payment is $5,698.

4 Exhibit 3 Amortization of Installment Notes

4 The entry to record the first payment on December 31, 2008, is as follows: (Column C of Exhibit 3) (Column D of Exhibit 3)

4 The entry to record the second payment on December 31, 2009, is as follows: (Column C of Exhibit 3) (Column D of Exhibit 3)

4 The entry to record the final payment on December 31, 2012, is as follows: (Column C of Exhibit 3) (Column D of Exhibit 3) After the entry is posted, the balance in Notes Payable related to this note is zero.

5 Describe and illustrate the reporting of long-term liabilities including bonds and notes payable. 14-36