“There’s a scam out there for everyone”: An examination of the scammers’ tricks employed in two types of mass-marketing frauds – work-at-home and romance.

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Presentation transcript:

“There’s a scam out there for everyone”: An examination of the scammers’ tricks employed in two types of mass-marketing frauds – work-at-home and romance scams Prof Monica Whitty Cyber Security Centre 15th December 2016 http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/wmg/people/profile/?wmgid=1336

Typology of victims – romance scam

Study 1: 2011 Victims of the romance scam (N = 397) and online daters (N = 853) to complete a battery of personality scales to examine the typology of victims compared with online daters. Buchanan, T., & Whitty, M. T. (2014). The online dating romance scam: Causes and consequences of victimhood. Psychology, Crime & Law 20(3), 261-283.

Possible predictors of victimhood Buchanan, T., & Whitty, M. T. (2014). The online dating romance scam: Causes and consequences of victimhood. Psychology, Crime & Law 20(3), 261-283.

Personal characteristics Romantic Beliefs Love_Finds_Way: ‘If I love someone, I know I can make the relationship work’ One_and_only: ‘I believe that to be truly in love is to be in love forever’ Idealisation: ‘In the relationship I will have my true love will be nearly perfect’ Love at First Sight: ‘When I find my true love I will probably know it soon after we meet’ Buchanan, T., & Whitty, M. T. (2014). The online dating romance scam: Causes and consequences of victimhood. Psychology, Crime & Law 20(3), 261-283.

Study 1: 2011

Study 2: 2015 Victims of the romance scam (N = 200) and non-victims (N = 10,723) to complete a battery of personality scales to examine the typology of victims compared with non-victims and other types of victims (N = 1057)

Hypotheses for romance scam victim psychological characteristics

Romance scam vs non-victims

Romance scam vs other scam victims

Study 2: 2016

Anatomy of the scam Brings to the criminal specific dispositions Errors in decision making – trust relationship; visceral influences; information presented (included photoshopped photos) – cognitive dissonance Hyper-personal relationship Use of media to deceive/persuade Chasing the relationship/money – near win Whitty, M. T. (2013). The Scammers Persuasive Techniques Model: Development of a stage model to explain the online dating romance scam. British Journal of Criminology, 53(4), 665-684. Whitty, M. T. (2015). Anatomy of the Online Dating Romance Scam. Security Journal, 28, 443-455.

Whitty, M. T. (2013). The Scammers Persuasive Techniques Model: Development of a stage model to explain the online dating romance scam. British Journal of Criminology, 53(4), 665-684.

Work- at-home scam

Interviews – 7 UK participants (research ongoing) Various derivatives of the scam Sell products on behalf of company ‘criminal’ Up front fee – starter kit Call expensive number to learn more

2 categories of victims Naïve – difficult to find work (new mums; elderly; disabled) Consider themselves as financially savvy – make some extra money on the side

Money Laundering Some become knowingly complicit/most don’t realize until the sting?

Persuasive techniques – used in work at home scam Urgency – need to act quickly Cognitively focused on task Authenticity – excessive detail Approached through legitimate sites Provide ‘training’ and need to demonstrate ‘competence’.

Psychological impact – similarities and differences