Furniture Construction 5.02

Types of Wood __________________: come from deciduous trees (lose their leaves). _________, mahogany, pecan, cherry, ________, oak. ______________, does not dent easily. ________________: come from coniferous or ______________ trees (do not shed leaves & can have a cone). Cedar, redwood, pine, fir, spruce. _________ easily, grain is not as attractive as hardwoods.

Wood _______________: all exposed parts of a piece of furniture is made from whole pieces of wood, usually ______________, has a tendency to _____________, swell, and crack or split ________________: bonded by glue and _______________, includes veneered & pressed wood

_______________ or plywood: created by bonding __,___,or 7 thin layers of wood to one another, to a ______ core, or pressed wood core. Fine wood is used on the ______ and cheaper wood on inside. ADV: Makes fragile wood stronger Dis.Adv: _________ that bonds veneer may not stick, causing veneer to _________ and chip or crack.

___________: made of shavings, veneer scraps, ___________, & other small pieces of wood and is called _________________, wafer board, _________________ board Used on parts of wood that do not show and can be covered with laminate/plastic covering for durability

Wood Grain or pattern Lumber is cut to show off the ______ ______ wood: irregular grain formed by twisted and irregular growth of tree’s _______ _________ wood: special grain caused by branches growing out from ________of tree __________: woody, flattened outgrowths on tree, unique and $$$$$

Finished and Unfinished Wood __________ walnut: exposed wood is same throughout entire piece Walnut __________: surface is covered with thin sheets of walnut wood while rest of piece is usually particle board or other inexpensive wood Walnut ___________: has a finish (paint/varnish) whose color is same as walnut

Wood Joints _____________________: one of the ______________ joints, glued tenon fits into mortise (hole), ___ nails/screws used. Legs of chairs

______________ joint: small wood pegs that are glued into the holes of pieces of wood being joined together. Used as _______________

__________ joint: Used to fasten corner joints in __________ __________ joint: Used to fasten corner joints in __________. Found in good-quality furniture. Can take strong pulls or strains

_________ joint: _____________ joint _________ joint: _____________ joint. One board is glued or nailed to another.

________________ Block: small pieces of wood attached between corner boards, reinforce & support joints. Used in tables, ________, upholstered furniture frames

___________-and-groove: tongue is cut on one board and matching groove is cut on another, then ________ together. If done correctly, joint is invisible.

Mitered joint: 2 edges are cut at a _____degree angle and joined to form a __________ corner. Joint is then glued and sometimes reinforced with nails, dowels, a spline or glue blocks

Upholstered furniture Chairs, sofas, and other pieces of padded furniture All _________ surfaces are covered with ________ so all inner construction details are hidden. Good quality furniture has durable, well-________ upholstery fabric

_____________ Furniture __________ expensive than wood Lightweight, __________, easy to clean Looks best in modern/_____________settings

Plastic furniture

______________ Popular as indoor and outdoor furniture __________ iron, aluminum, chrome…often combined with _________, glass, & fabric

Rattan, Wicker, Bamboo Combines natural wood frames with woven stems or branches

Rattan Made from __________, tough stems of ___________ trees. Bend easily and are strong, works best in __________ setting

Wicker Made by weaving _________, flexible branches around a frame, can be __________ or painted, water _______, durable, natural gloss, lightweight

Bamboo Made from tall __________ grasses with _________ stems. Can be combined with rattan

_______________ Usually combined with metal or wood. Good for ___________ and cabinet doors

Frames, Springs, Cushions ______________: Upholstered furniture frames are usually made of solid wood or ___________. Joints should be secured with ___________ and corner blocks

_______________: part of the inner construction _______________: part of the inner construction. The type and number determine the quality. _________ springs: spiral shaped without padding and covering. Used in heavier furniture. Average chair has 9-________ springs per seat.

__________ or zigzag springs: used with lightweight pieces of furniture and are flat, ____-shaped springs that may have metal support _________ banded across them Offers firm comfort at a lower price

Cushions: Need to be _________ size Fit _____________ into furniture Give body and support Usually made of _______________ foam or foam rubber. Down or _____________are not durable __________ fill can also be used for pillows. Will lose shape Can be _____________ into any size or shape.

Finishes Include stains, sealers, waxes and paints that protect and improve the appearance of the wood surface ___________-based and oil-based stains bring out the natural beauty of woods ______________ can be penetrating or on the surface of the wood

Finishes con’t ___________ sealers resists moisture __________ is used to preserve the wood and gives an attractive look ___________ is used to hide unattractive surfaces. Can also be used to enhance the look by being decorative

Resources Housing Decisions pages 343-354 Housing and Interiors, pages 600-614 www.pierone.com www.target.com www.plowandhearth.com www.wickerparadise.com www.furniturebrains.com www.dixieline.com/woodjoint/woodjoints.htm www.orinda.k12.ca.us/OIS/IT/wood-joints.htm Copyright ©2007, ABCD, All rights reserved.