Poetry and Language Teaching Betül ALTAŞ

What is poetry? What are the elements of poetry? What is poetic language? What are the types of poetry?

The form of Poetry The form of poetry is written in lines. Each line begins with a capital letter Lines are either : end-stopped enjambed

Sonnet 18 Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate. lines are Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, end-stopped And summer’s lease hath all too short a date…. William Shakespeare

The Winter Tale William Shakespeare I am not prone to weeping, as our sex Commonly are; the want of which vain dew lines are Perchance shall dry your pities; but I have enjambed That honorable grief lodged here which burns Worse than tears drown….” William Shakespeare

Lines grouped in stanzes depending upon their names Couplet with 2 lines Triplet with 3 lines Quatrain with 4 lines Quintet with 5 lines Sestet with 6 lines Septet with 7 lines Octave (Octet) with 8 lines

The Rime of the Ancient Mariner He holds him with his glittering eye - The Wedding Guest stood still, a stanza with And listens like a three year years’ child 4 lines The mariner hath his will Samuel Taylor Coleridge

Persona used to refer to the speaker of the poem The persona is not the author. The persona is the character introduced by the author. The critics sometimes use the term persona to designate the role of a narrator (Barton & Hudson, 1997). The speaker may not be one person The speaker may be group of people or anonymous

Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening The woods are lovely, dark, and deep. But I have promises to keep, persona is And miles to go before l sleep, a traveller And miles to go before I sleep. Robert Frost

Repetitions Repetitions hold lines and stanzas together They give musical quality to the lines and stanzas 1. Refrain repetition of a line or section of a poem, usually at the end of each stanza (Barton & Hudson, 1997).

Do not go gentle into that good night Old age should burn and rave at the close of day; Rage, rage against the dying of the light. Though the wise men at their end know dark is right, Because their words had forked no lightning they Do not go gentle into that good night. Good men, the last wave by, crying how bright Their frail deeds might have danced in a green bay, Rage, rage against the dying of the light Dylan Thomas

2. Anaphora repetition in which the same word or group of words is used to begin successive clauses or sentences (Barton & Hudson, 1997).

In the celebration of my Uterus Sweet weight, in celebration of the woman I am let me carry a ten-foot scarf, let me drum for the nineteen-years-olds, let me carry bowls for the offering let me study the cardiovascular tissue, let me examine the angular distance of meteors let me stuck on the stems of flowers Anne Sexton ,1969