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U.S. Territorial Expansion

U.S. Territorial Expansion When? 1783 From Where? Great Britain U.S. declared independence from Great Britain Why?

U.S. Territorial Expansion B When? 1783 From Where? Great Britain Why? Part of results of Treaty of Paris (ended Revolutionary War)

U.S. Territorial Expansion C A B When? 1803 From Where? France Napoleon needed money. Jefferson wanted to buy New Orleans but ened up with all of Louisiana! Why?

U.S. Territorial Expansion C B A Florida D When? 1819 From Where? Spain Why? Andrew Jackson invaded, Spain then sold it to us for $5 million.

Manifest Destiny Was the name given to the belief that the US would expand west towards the Pacific Ocean It was used to gain public support for American territorial expansion.

Manifest Destiny Attributes A policy of imperialistic expansion defended as necessary and benevolent 19th century doctrine of the US to justify westward expansion Belief that expansion was not only inevitable, but divine ordained Occurred at the expense of Native Americans and Mexicans

John Gast, American Progress, 1872 Question to students: What do you see in this painting?

First coined by newspaper editor, John O’Sullivan in 1845 ".... the right of our manifest destiny to over spread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and federative development of self-government entrusted to us. It is right such as that of the tree to the space of air and the earth suitable for the full expansion of its principle and destiny of growth."

Mr. Manifest Destiny Elected President in 1844 James K. Polk Mr. Manifest Destiny Elected President in 1844 Added more territory to the US (by any means) than any other President Died 103 days after his single term ended

Map of the United States, 1872

Melish’s comments on his 1816 map of the United States To present the country this way was desirable . . . The map shows at a glance the whole extent of the United States territory from sea to sea. In tracing the probable expansion of the human race from east to west, the mind finds an agreeable resting place on its western limits. The view is complete and leaves nothing to be wished for. It also adds to the beauty and symmetry of the map. Source: John Melish. Map of the United States with the contiguous British and Spanish Possessions. Philadelphia, 1816. Question for class: How does John Melish justify drawing the map as if the country stretches from sea to sea?

Texas Texas became independent from Mexico. Americans had been pouring into Texas As a nation, the Republic of Texas, they were having financial and military problems To convince the U.S. to annex (add on) Texas, Sam Houston (President of Texas) tricked Congress into thinking that Texas might ally with the British…it worked and Texas was annexed in 1845 but…

…Mexico never accepted the independence of Texas, so we (along with our new territory of Texas) went to war! Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo- forced Mexico to cede (give) all of California and New Mexico to the United States. These lands were called the Mexican Cession. The U.S. signed this treaty agreeing to protect Mexicans living in that area, but confusion over laws led to this often not happening.

U.S. Territorial Expansion C B A E D When? 1845 From Where? Republic of Texas (Independent Country) Why? Texas won independence from Mexico in 1836.

We want land! Acting on his campaign promise, James K. Polk wanted to gain control of Oregon- which threatened war with Britain… James K. Polk and Expansionists coined the phrase “Fifty-four forty or fight!” Basically, they wanted Oregon territory and they were prepared to fight for it! However, no one really wanted a war, so in 1846 Great Britain and the U.S. signed a treaty that gave the United States Oregon territory.

U.S. Territorial Expansion F C A B E D When? 1846 From Where? Great Britain Why? Joint occupancy with Great Britain. Americans demanded “54° 40’ or fight!” Britain compromised 49° & US accepted.

U.S. Territorial Expansion F C B A G E D When? 1848 From Where? Mexico Polk offers to buy land from Mexico & they refuse. U.S. goes to war with Mexico and wins! In the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, U.S. offers $15 million for the Mexican Cession. Why?

The last piece of the puzzle!!! In 1853, the U.S. agreed to paid Mexico $10 million for a strip of land in present- day Arizona and New Mexico. This land was called the Gadsden Purchase. MANIFEST DESTINY WAS NOW COMPLETE!

U.S. Territorial Expansion F C B A G E H D When? 1853 From Where? Mexico Why? Southern rail road route

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