Describe the differences between system software and application software. Discuss the four types of system software. Discuss the basic functions, features, and categories of operating systems. Describe Windows, Mac OS, UNIX, Linux, and virtualization.

Describe the purpose of utilities and utility suites. Discuss mobile operating systems including Symbian, Blackberry OS, iOS, Android, Windows Phone 7, and WebOS. Identify the five most essential utilities. Discuss Windows utility programs. Describe device drivers, including Windows’ Add a Device Wizard and Update.

Computers are ubiquitous in our lives and we expect them to “be there when we need them”. We give little thought to the processes and programs running behind the scenes to keep them functioning effectively. Such programs (i.e. operating systems, utility programs, and device drivers) are the system software you learn about here.

Handles the technical details Includes the operating system, utilities, device drivers, and language translators System software is not a single program but is a collection of programs that handles hundreds of technical details End-users focus on application programs more than the system software, but it is important to understand how system software works

A collection of programs that handle technical tasks Manage resources Provide user interface Run applications Examples: Windows 7 Mac OS X Also called the software environment or platform

Manages computer resources Coordinate memory, processing, storage, printers and monitors Monitor system performance Schedule tasks Provide security Start-up the computer Provides user interface Graphical user interface (GUI) Runs applications Multitasking Foreground and background applications Multitasking – the ability to switch between applications Foreground – the program you are currently working on Background – the other program that is running but not the active window

Features in common with application software Booting Features in common with application software Icons Pointer Windows Menus Tabs Dialog boxes Help Booting is the process of starting a computer Warm boot (Key Term) – computer is already on and you restart it without turning off the power Cold boot (Key Term) – starting a computer that has been turned off

Three basic categories Embedded operating systems (handheld) Smartphones Cable TV tuner boxes Video game systems Network operating systems (linked computers) Windows Server Unix OS stored on network server which coordinates all communication between the other computers Stand-alone operating systems (desktop) Also called client operating system Most are proprietary operating systems– owned and licensed by a corporation Non-proprietary – source code is available to the public Called open source Linux is an open source program

The OS is often called the software environment or platform Operating systems commonly used by individuals Windows – most widely used Mac OS – powerful and easy to use UNIX – network; originally designed for Web LINUX – non proprietary; free from the Web Note that LINUX is easier to learn; easily transfer to UNIX UNIX originally designed as cross-platform to help “integrate” the Web

The most popular microcomputer operating system Over 90 percent of the market Windows 7 provides several improvements over Windows Vista Windows has over 90 percent of the market More application programs are designed to run under Windows than any other operating system Return

Mac OS X runs on Apple computers Popular with graphic designers and desktop publishers Features include Spotlight Dashboard Widgets Boot Camp Spotlight (Key Term) – advanced search tool that can rapidly locate files, folders, email messages, addresses, etc. Dashboard widgets (Key Term) – collection of specialized programs that update and display information Some versions of Mac OS include Boot Camp - allows Mac to run both Mac OS and the Windows operating system

Mac OS v 10.7 - also known as Lion Photo-quality icons and easy-to-use menus Launchpad Displays and provides access to all apps installed Mission Control Displays all running programs at one time Gestures Allow you to use your fingers to run programs and to control content on the screen Return

UNIX operating system Servers on the Web Mainframe computers Microcomputers UNIX Used by powerful microcomputers and by servers on the Web There are a large number of different versions of UNIX Return

LINUX - version of UNIX Alternative to windows Open source Not proprietary Google Chrome OS based on Linux LINUX One of the most popular and powerful alternatives to the Windows operating system Google Chrome runs on netbook and other mobile devices, focuses on Internet connectivity and cloud computing. Return

Host operating system - OS of the physical machine Ability to support multiple operating systems on a single physical machine Virtualization software Physical machine can be logically separated into separate and independent virtual computers called virtual machines Host operating system Guest operating system Host operating system - OS of the physical machine Guest operating system - OS of virtual machine

Mobile OS Some of the best known Embedded operating system in every smartphone Some of the best known Symbian BlackBerry OS or RIM OS iOS Android Windows Phone 7 WebOS Symbian – Nokia, Sony BlackBerry OS or RIM OS iOS- formerly iPhone OS, iPod Touch, iPad Android – owned by Google Windows Phone 7 WebOS – HP smartphones and tablets

Specialized programs to make computing easier Most essential utilities Troubleshooting or diagnostic programs Antivirus programs Uninstall programs Backup programs File compression programs Utilities – specialized programs designed to make computing easier Hard disk crashes Antivirus programs Computer freeze-ups Decrease operation slow-downs

Backup and Restore Disk Cleanup Disk Defragmenter Backup and Restore can be accessed by clicking Start>Maintenance Disk Cleanup and Disk Defragmenter can be accessed by clicking Start>Accessories>System Tools

Utility program included with many Windows versions Makes a copy of all files or selected files that have been saved on a disk Helps prevent against loss of data in the event of a disk failure If you backup (Key Term) your files, you have a copy of your data in case of a disk failure Return

Identifies and eliminates nonessential files Frees up valuable space and improves system performance When you search the Web, a variety of programs and files are saved to your hard drive Use disk cleanup (Key Term) to get rid of these unnecessary files Files are stored and organized on a disk according to tracks and sectors Tracks (Key Term) – concentric ring Sectors (Key Term) – wedge-shaped sections of a track OS tries to save a file on a single track across contiguous sectors. Often the file has to broken into small parts and stored wherever space is available and the disk over time becomes fragmented Return

Identifies and eliminates unnecessary fragments Rearranges files and unused disk space to optimize operations Speeds up file access Disk Defragmenter (Key Term) should be run on your computer often Some end-users run this utility program daily, while some run it once a week Fragmented (Key Term) files - result of a file having to be broken apart into smaller parts so it can be stored wherever space is available Return

Combine several programs into one package Less expensive Popular suites Norton 360 McAfee Office V Communications SystemSuite

Allow communication between a device and the computer Loaded into memory each time a computer is started When a new device is added, new device drivers must be installed Windows already has many drivers within the system software Device drivers - programs that work with the operating system to allow communication between device(s) and the rest of the physical system Device drivers are also referred to simply as “drivers” (Key Term) Step-by-step guidance is offered by Windows in the form of wizards that assist with installing drivers e.g. “Add Printer Wizard” (Key Term) Drivers can also be easily updated in Windows by utilizing the Windows Update (Key Term) functionality

Security Center Continually monitors your computer VirusScan Controls the frequency of searches for viruses Quarantines or deletes infected files PersonalFirewall Monitors inbound and outbound traffic SiteAdvisor Protects privacy online

Computer support specialist provide technical support to customers and other users Resolve common networking problems and use troubleshooting programs to diagnose problems Employers look for a bachelors degree, good analytical and communication skills Computer support specialist can expect to earn $32K - $53K annually

IBM’s Automatic Computing Initiative (ACI) Handles time-consuming maintenance Self-regulating and virtually invisible Self-maintaining servers Self-repairing Self-updating Self-protecting Computers may be able to fix themselves in the future Autonomic computing is a system that allows machines to run with little human intervention

Describe system software Describe system software. Discuss each of the four types of system programs. Define operating systems. Describe the basic features and the three categories of operating systems. What are desktop operating systems? Compare Windows, Mac OS, Linux and Chrome OS. Discuss virtualization. Have students turn to the end of Chapter 5 in their textbooks to view the same “Open-Ended” questions/statements

What are mobile operating systems What are mobile operating systems? Describe six leading mobile operating systems. Discuss utilities. What are the five most essential utilities? What is a utility suite? Explain the role of device drivers. Discuss the Add a Device Wizard and Windows Update. Have students turn to the end of Chapter 5 in their textbooks to view the same “Open-Ended” questions/statements