Wind Power development in Russia: Barriers and Constraints Ulyanovsk Wind Farm Construction Experience Yuriy Eroshin Fortum / 20.06.2017

Fortum wind farm in Ulyanovsk: the first one in Russia Project general information Project was selected on RES competition in 2015 Capacity: 35 MW. 14 WTGs, 2,5 MW each. Vendor - Dongfang, China Total investments: approx. 5 BRUB Project timeline 2016: project development, including equipment contracting, land issues solution, acquisition of the necessary initial permissive documentation 1Q 2017: finished site preparation, foundation grouting, WTGs installation started Commissioning: 4Q 2017 Interesting facts WTG height: 88 m Length of one blade: 54 m Blade weight: ~12,5 tons Site area (under WTGs): 85 ha (~ 120 football fields) Wind farm roads length ~15 km

Obstacles and barriers for Renewable project implementation in Russia due to non-developed legislation Wind farm equipment localization requirements are among the toughest in the world Land has to be reclassified as industrial Reliability and safety requirements are the same as for a standard energy facility Excessive requirements to wind farm grid connection Energy facility means industrial facility. Facility roads shall comply with public road requirements (tremendous amount of road construction: ~0,5 km of high quality roads per 1 MW) Development of wind power in Russia is much more complicated in comparison with other countries

than in the rest of the world due to non-developed Russian legislation Wind farm capital costs in Russia in comparison with the world’s practice Wind farm costs increase due to localization ~ + 30-50%; Wind farm costs increase due to excessive requirements to power distribution scheme ~ + 15-20%; Wind farm costs increase due to excessive requirements to road construction ~ +10-20%; Other (frequency regulation, power metering, personnel, telecontrol and communications) ~ +10% As a result, total capital costs of wind farm in Russia are twice higher than in the rest of the world due to non-developed Russian legislation April 2017 at the German auction was the first time when bids were won at the wholesale electricity price, meaning no subsidy was required. As a result, 1300 MW of wind power generation will be built in Germany by the mid-2020s without subsidy. http://www.windpoweroffshore.com/article/1430702/dong-enbw-win-german-auction-zero-subsidy-bids