Mexican-American War Ch. 14, Sect. 2 Essential Question: What were the causes and effects of the Mexican-American War?

Causes of the War MEX never recognized the Republic of TX and considered the USA’s annexation of TX an insult. Mexico refused to accept the Rio Grande as the official boundary between Texas and Mexico. Instead, they insisted the Nueces River separated the country and state.

Causes of the War… Mexico was angered by the U.S.’s efforts to expand trade by trying to acquire the Pacific port of San Francisco. The U.S. offered Mexico $30 million in return for: Mexico accepting the Rio Grande as the MEX-TX boundary, and … Mexico ceding California and the western half of New Mexico to the U.S.

Causes of the War… December 1845: President Polk sent John Slidell to Mexico to negotiate the boundary dispute & offer to buy California; but Mexico refused to speak to him. March 1846: President Polk ordered General Zachary Taylor to move his troops across the Nueces River to the Rio Grande.

REASONS FOR THE MEXICAN WAR Let’s summarize! What exactly was Mexico disputing?

REASONS FOR THE MEXICAN WAR Let’s summarize! Why did President Polk order General Taylor to move his troops across the Nueces River?

War Declared April 1846: American and Mexican forces clash at the Rio Grande in the disputed territory. U.S. President Polk declared Mexico had shed American blood on American soil. Mexican President Parades could have claimed vice versa. May 13, 1846: U.S. Congress declared war on Mexico.

What was President Polk’s justification for war? War Declared MAY 1846 Let’s summarize! What was President Polk’s justification for war?

#showwhatyouknow Do you think the United States justified in sending troops to the Rio Grande? Why or why not?

Strategy: U.S. MILITARY FAR SUPERIOR AMERICAN STRATEGY Strategy: U.S. MILITARY FAR SUPERIOR OCCUPY TEXAS AND NORTHERN MEXICO 2. TAKE NEW MEXICO AND CALIFORNIA 3. MARCH ON MEXICO CITY

General Zachary Taylor American Strategy The U.S. forces were better led and equipped. General Zachary Taylor captured Monterrey and later defeated Santa Anna at Buena Vista. General Winfield Scott landed at Vera Cruz and captured Mexico City in September 1847. First marine landing in U.S. History General Zachary Taylor

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Feb. 2, 1848: The Peace Treaty at Guadalupe Hidalgo signed to end war. Rio Grande became boundary. Mexico gave up all claims to Texas Mexico surrendered area called the Mexican Cession. This was about 1/3 of their land! The U.S. paid $15 million for this land. Mexicans living in this area would have the rights of U.S. citizenship.

The Compromise of 1850 Most Southerners favored the war—more territory meant more slave states. Northerners opposed it for same reason. Abolitionists questioned the American motives to possibly expand slavery.

The Pearce Plan (of The Compromise of 1850) The question of whether Santa Fe would become part of Texas became a political issue in the U.S. The people of Santa Fe preferred to be a separate territory or state rather than be a part of Texas.

The Pearce Act (of The Compromise of 1850) Former presidential candidate Henry Clay and Maryland congressman James A. Pearce helped write the Pearce Act, as part of the Compromise of 1850. Texas gave up lands that it claimed in present-day New Mexico (which includes Santa Fe) and received $10 million to pay its war/Texas public debt. U.S. Congressman James A Pearce

The Compromise of 1850, con’t TEXAS AND THE COMPROMISE OF 1850 The Compromise of 1850, con’t Provisions of the Compromise of 1850 California became a state Utah and New Mexico became territories Slave trade was ended in Washington DC Fugitive Slave Law was put into place “Texas Question”: Texas received 10 million dollars to give up disputed territory to north and west Getting the money helped Texas get out of debt Texas and New Mexico Act of September 9, 1850: created Texas’ present day borders

The Gadsden Purchase In 1853, the U.S. paid Mexico an additional $10 million for the Gadsden Purchase, a strip of land along the edge of present-day Arizona and New Mexico. The U.S. achieves Manifest Destiny!

The United States Achieves Manifest Destiny http://www.learner.org/interactives/historymap/states.html