Chicken Egg Development

Objective Students will observe the instructor demonstrating how to perform the embryology lab and then they shall perform the task with 90% accuracy, and be able to identify what is happening at their stage to explain to the class using the terminology they learned in prior lessons.

1. Foster Farms Background Foster Farms has been a family-owned and operated company for four generations. Since our founding days back in 1939, we have always been committed to providing consumers with the highest-quality, best-tasting poultry products available. Foster Farms started as a small family farm back in Modesto, California, grew into the West's most trusted poultry company. Tell how I did the research project and what the real benefit are Reduces the processing time Provides and better hatch and better chick quality

2. Getting there……. Egg are hatched by the hens in Arkansas and Colorado. Trucks take them from there to the California Hatcheries. The eggs are trucked in controlled temperatures ranging from 80-85 degrees Fahrenheit. Explain the process of how it works and what the machine does

3. Inovoject Once the eggs get to the hatchery……. Injects into each egg the correct dosage of vaccine Usually vaccinate for Marek’s Disease Explain the process of how it works and what the machine does

4. Marek’s Disease Marek’s Disease is a viral tumor-causing disease of chickens. There are 4 different forms of Marek’s: Cutaneous (skin form), Neural (nerve form), Ocular (eye form), & Visceral (internal-organ form) Transmission - Marek’s is highly contagious and spreads by bird-to-bird contact, by contact with infected dust and dander, by & beetles & mealworms that live in the chicken house.

5. Benefits of Inovoject With injection being inside the egg, it allows for a healthier bird Reduces stress of the bird from having to vaccinate by hand once they are hatched Reduced labor of hatchery employees Accurate dosage of 100% of eggs Each needle is sanitized with a bleach solution after each injection ensuring minimal contamination Explain more in depth what the machine does and how things used to be done at the hatchery before the machine was introduced to the hatchery

6.The machine all put together All separate machines hook together Egg Remover Inovoject

7. Incubator Once the eggs are vaccinated they are put into incubators. The incubators are kept at 98.9 degrees. The eggs stay in the incubators for the first 18 days. The incubator flips 90 degrees every 30 minutes to keep the heat even on all parts of the egg. Explain the process of how it works and what the machine does

8. Hatchers After 18 days the eggs are moved from the incubators to the hatchers. The hatchers are kept at 98.8 degrees for days 18 and 19. On day 20 the temperature is reduced to 97 degrees. And on day 21 the chick hatches Explain the process of how it works and what the machine does

9. Once Hatched The eggs are removed from Foster Farms hatchery facility and transported to the grow facility. All the eggs that are hatched at the hatchery become chicken that we buy at the grocery store. Explain the process of how it works and what the machine does

Egg Activity If it makes you uncomfortable you may sit down. Even though the eggs are dead you must be respectful when handling them. No squeezing Throwing etc. We will observe what is happening at each stage of development. Explain the process of how it works and what the machine does

Eggs in this Activity The eggs used in this activity were removed from the incubator at various stages of development as a sample to test for potential problems that could effect the entire batch of thousands of eggs. Rather than wasted the test eggs they are used for research and education.

What we will be seeing, Animated

Day 1 18 hours: The alimentary tract appears. 19 hours: The brain crease begins to form. 20 hours: Somites appear. 21 hours: The brain and nervous system begin to form. 22 hours: The head fold begins to form. 23 hours: Blood islands appear. 24 hours: The eyes begin to form. Explain the process of how it works and what the machine does

Day 2 25 hours: The heart begins to form. 33 hours: The ears begin to form. 42 hours: The heart starts to beat. Explain the process of how it works and what the machine does

Day 3 The head begins to turn onto its left side. The tongue begins to form. The amnion completely surrounds the embryo. The tail has appeared. Wing and leg buds are visible. Soon other organs such as the liver, kidneys, and lungs will appear. Explain the process of how it works and what the machine does

Eye Pigmented The toes begin to form. Day 4 Explain the process of how it works and what the machine does

Day 5 The reproductive organs begin to form. The bones of the legs begin to form. The crop begins to form. Explain the process of how it works and what the machine does

Day 6 The beak becomes visible. The wing bends at the elbow. The allantois begins to fuse with the chorion. The ribs begin to appear. The gizzard begins to form. The intestines begin to loop. Explain the process of how it works and what the machine does

Day 7 A row of feather germs appears on the tail. The sclera of the eye begins to form. Feather papillae appear on the thigh. The leg bends at the knee.

Day 8 Three rows of feather germs are visible on the tail. The nictitating membranes (inner eye lids) begins to form. The egg tooth begins to form. The bone marrow cavity of the femur begins to form. Explain the process of how it works and what the machine does

Day 9 Upper eye lids begin to cover the eyes. The knee caps begin to form. Explain the process of how it works and what the machine does

Day 10 Claws begin to form. The comb is visible. Flight feathers appear. Feather tracts appear over the sternum. Lower eyelids develop. Explain the process of how it works and what the machine does

Day 11 The toe claws begin to curve downward. The bottom of the feet become padded. Feather germs on the back and tail appear as long, tapering cones. The beak begins to harden. The comb appears serrated. The embryo begins to draw calcium from the eggshell for its growing bones. Explain the process of how it works and what the machine does

Day 12 Scales appear on the lower legs. The embryo continues to grow and move. The ribs begin to ossify.

Fingers of the wings are covered with feather papillae. Day 13 Fingers of the wings are covered with feather papillae. The left and right collar bones fuse to form the wishbone. Explain the process of how it works and what the machine does

Day 14 The embryo turns its head toward the blunt end of the egg. The skull has begun to ossify. Explain the process of how it works and what the machine does

The scales, claws, and beak are becoming firm. Day 15 The scales, claws, and beak are becoming firm. Explain the process of how it works and what the machine does

Day 16 The embryo turns its beak toward the air cell. The chorioallantoic cavity lines most of the inside surface of the egg shell.

The beak turns towards the air cell. Day 17 The beak turns towards the air cell. Explain the process of how it works and what the machine does

Growth of embryo nearly complete Yolk sac is still outside the embryo Day 18 Growth of embryo nearly complete Yolk sac is still outside the embryo Head is under right wing Explain the process of how it works and what the machine does

Day 19 Yolk sac draws into the body cavity Amniotic fluid gone Embryo occupies most of the space within the egg (not in the air cell)

Day 20 Yolk sac completely drawn into body cavity. Embryo becomes a chick (breathing in air cell) Internal and External pip Explain the process of how it works and what the machine does

Day 21 HATCHES Explain the process of how it works and what the machine does