BIBFRAME and Schema.org New Models for Resource Description and Access Marlene van Ballegooie September 23, 2015

Outline Introducing BIBFRAME The road to BIBFRAME Overview of the BIBFRAME model Schema.org - A BIBFRAME alternative? Relationship between BIBFRAME and Schema.org

What is BIBFRAME? BIBFRAME (Bibliographic Framework) is a data model for bibliographic description. BIBFRAME was designed to replace the MARC standards, and to use linked data principles to make bibliographic data more useful both within and outside the library community.

About BIBFRAME BIBFRAME Initiative is being led by the Library of Congress Requirements for the model Content model agnostic Description and management of all types of library holdings, traditional and born-digital Provision for all library data: bibliographic, authority, holdings, classification Replace MARC Extensive community input in development

Why Do We Need BIBFRAME? Limitations of MARC Does not work well on the web Not designed for direct comprehension by a computer Having a web-based OPAC does not mean your data is on the web. Does not work well with the RDA Cannot adequately represent relationships between or within records MARC is static and inflexible Only libraries use MARC

The Road to BIBFRAME 2002. October. MARC must die (Roy Tennant) The very nature of the MARC (machine-readable cataloging) record is, to some degree, an anachronism. It was developed in an age when memory, storage, and processing power were all rare and expensive commodities. Now they are ubiquitous and cheap.

2006. Tim Berners Lee's Linked Data: Design Issues. MARC is “no longer fit for the purpose” Recommendations Develop a more flexible, extensible metadata carrier Integrate library standards into web environment Extend use of standard identifiers 2008. January. On the Record (LC report).

2011. June. Report and Recommendations of the U.S. RDA Test Coordinating Committee.   “Most felt any benefits of RDA would be largely unrealized in a MARC environment.”

2011. October. A Bibliographic Framework for the Digital Age. “The Library of Congress is committed to developing, in collaboration with librarians, standards experts, and technologists a new bibliographic framework that will serve the associated communities well into the future.”

2012. May. LC begins work with Zepheira on model. Eric Miller and the BIBFRAME Model 2015. LC pilot project to use BIBFRAME in production. Intention to formalize data model and vocabulary by end of 2015. 2014. Stabilization of BIBFRAME model and experimentation. and others…

BIBFRAME Model Core Classes Authorities Work Instance

BIBFRAME Model Annotations

Differences between MARC and BIBFRAME Aggregates information in a single record Uses strings for identifiers Flat record format Non-dynamic content Primarily at the manifestation level Much duplication of information across records Records isolated in data silo (Sirsi) Relationship based, NOT record based Work-to-Work Work-to-Instance Work-to-Authority Annotation-to-Instance Uses controlled identifiers (URIs) to establish relationships Links are paramount! Data is woven into the greater web of data

From Strings…

To Things… Pride and Prejudice Austen, Jane (OCoLC)881025115 title same_as author Graphic novels England genre geographic term Social classes subject adapted_by King, Stacy subject isbn Courtship 9781927925171 subject subject subject Bennet, Elizabeth (Fictitious character) Sisters Darcy, Fitzwilliam (Fictitious character)

FRBR - Tillett presentation, March 4, 2009 Incorporation of FRBR Thinking Disaggregation of the components of the bibliographic record Focus on relationships between entities, elements and attributes Separation of the intellectual from the physical Work Manifestation Person Expression Item Concept Corporate body Source: www.rda-jsc.org/docs/Georgia-FRBR-review-12august2011.ppt‎ 16 16

Relationship between FRBR and BIBFRAME Models Work = Work Expression Manifestation = Instance = Item Annotation

What BIBFRAME Will Achieve Stronger support for RDA A move away from manifestation-based cataloguing Movement towards the creation of data, not records (greater reliance on identifiers) The integration of library data into the fabric of the web.

BIBFRAME is not the only game in town

What is Schema.org? Schema.org is a vocabulary used to describe things on the web. Aims to improve the web by creating a structured data markup schema supported by major search engines. Primary usage is for annotating existing Web content. Schema.org can be considered an approach to Linked Data.

What is Schema.org? Launched in June 2011 Collaborative effort between: Designed for extremely mainstream, mass market adoption.

Book Name Author Publisher Pub Date Language ISBN

Schema Bib Extend Community Group The mission of this group is to discuss and prepare proposal(s) for extending Schema.org schemas for the improved representation of bibliographic information markup and sharing. The group will seek consensus around, and support for, proposal(s) to the W3C WebSchemas Group. This Community Group will not, itself, produce technical specifications.

BIBFRAME and Schema.org Friend of Foe?

BIBFRAME and Schema.org Complimentary relationship between the two linked data approaches BIBFRAME of description, curation and data exchange Schema.org for discovery via common search engines

Convergence Between BIBFRAME and Schema.org Breadth of Coverage BibExtensions http://www.oclc.org/content/dam/research/publications/library/2013/2013-05.pdf Depth of Description

What should UTL do with these new models for resource description and access?