3D Printing Thomas Stoll

Right: C-arm CT Machine Bottom Left: CT scan processed by Vitrea fx Bottom Right: STL file in Meshmixer

Stratasys EDEN260V: Can print 10’’x9.9’’x8’’ Accurate to 20-85 microns Fused Deposition Modeling

Different Types of 3D Printing Fused Deposition Modeling Stereolithography Selective Laser Sintering

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Developed in the late 80s and commercialized in 1990 by S Scott Crump Nearly identical to fused filament fabrication (FFF) (FDM is trademarked by Stratasys) Plastic filament or metal wire is extruded through a heated nozzle to form the object in layers One or multiple materials may be used in one project. Usually 2 are used, one as the main material and another as support There are many different types of materials available

Stereolithography (SLA) Research began in 70s, patented by Chuck W Hull in 1986 A vat photopolymer resin has an elevator base near the surface UV light is focused on the parts of that layer which must be hardened The base descends one layer and a fresh coat of resin is applied, then the process is repeated Support structures are created as needed After this is finished, the supports are removed and the model is put in a chemical bath to remove excess resin before being put in an ultraviolet oven to be cured

Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) Developed and patented by Carl Deckard and Joe Beaman in 80s Relatively new, not yet widely used A high powered laser is used to fuse small particles of a material together (usually metal, but can also be plastic, ceramic, or glass) The powder is on a bed which lowers one layer thickness after the laser has finished, allowing more powder to be added and the process repeated The material is typically preheated No support structure needed

3D Printed Mathematical Art A klein bottle is a bottle shaped object which has no edges (i.e. it is possible to move inside/outside without crossing an edge). In other words, it is a one sided surface in the shape of a bottle. The top image on the right was created by modeling a klein bottle and cutting a hexagon pattern throughout the model. Similarly, a Mobius strip is a surface with only one side. The bottom image on the right is a set of 36 Mobius strips tightly interlocked to created a structure called a “Mobius Nautilus”.

Left: A 3D printed model which produces a grid pattern on the floor when light is placed inside of it Right: A 3D printed lion sculpture outside of France’s Grand Olympic Stadium. Nearly 14 feet high, with a base of 8 square feet, and a weight over 3,300 pounds. 500 hours of 3D printing was required and 600 hours of research and development. It was made in 88 pieces and then assembled.

References https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fused_deposition_modeling https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereolithography https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_laser_sintering http://www.shapeways.com/marketplace/art/mathematical-art/ http://3dprintingindustry.com/2016/02/23/67137/ http://3dprintingindustry.com/category/art-sculpture/