Activities at SMI/Vienna in testing the performance of SiPMs J. Marton Stefan Meyer Institute for Subatomic Physics (SMI), Vienna www.oeaw.ac.at/smi J. Marton AMPDs for Frontier Detector Systems, GSI, February 10, 2009

Outline SMI Research Program SiPM test equipment at SMI SiPM studies performed Example for application: Beam profile monitor Next steps J. Marton AMPDs for Frontier Detector Systems, GSI, February 10, 2009

SMI Research Program Kaon-nucleon interaction: SIDDHARTA at LNF, E17 at J-PARC, FOPI at GSI, AMADEUS at LNF Matter-Antimatter (A)symmetry at AD/CERN Antiprotons at FAIR (PANDA, FLAIR, AIC) Tests of fundamental principles (VIP at LNGS) J. Marton AMPDs for Frontier Detector Systems, GSI, February 10, 2009

Motivations Photon detectors for our physics program : Study of the performance of SiPMs for scintillating fiber detectors: AMADEUS, FOPI Cherenkov detectors for PID: PANDA J. Marton AMPDs for Frontier Detector Systems, GSI, February 10, 2009

Our interest in SiPM Applications Low-level light detection and single photon read- out with SiPMs  Cherenkov detectors Medium-level light detection in SiPM-coupled scintillating fiber detectors  position sensitive charged particle detection SiPMs for fast calorimetry and large dynamic range Ultra-fast timing for TOF-applications J. Marton AMPDs for Frontier Detector Systems, GSI, February 10, 2009

Geiger-Mode-Matrix APDs: The trouble with the name … (AMPD, MAPD, SiPM, MPPC,…) Geiger-mode APD Advantage: High Gain Disadvantage: On/Off characteristics („digital device“) Solution: Arrays of G-APDs 1 G-APD = „Cell“, „Pixel“ Output of all Cells added Photon counting Loss of active area Single GM-APD is just a single switch. A single noise event triggers the whole detector area.  Detector always busy with noise. Solution: Matrix design, noise triggers only a single cell. Hamamatsu 100U MPPC 1x1 mm2, 100 APD cells each 100 μm x 100 µm J. Marton AMPDs for Frontier Detector Systems, GSI, February 10, 2009

SiPM Test Systems at SMI Black box with optical board („bread board“) and picosecond-laser Laser light can be attenuated and fed into optical fiber J. Marton AMPDs for Frontier Detector Systems, GSI, February 10, 2009

Picosecond – Laser for timing studies Specifications: Power (pulse) 1000 mW Power (Ø max. f) 30 µW Frequency (max) 1 Mhz Wavelength λ 407 nm Pulse duration 32 ps J. Marton AMPDs for Frontier Detector Systems, GSI, February 10, 2009

Setup at SMI for cooling tests Vacuum chamber for cooling tests, Peltier cooling, chiller with temperature control Light tight, prevents condensation of water vapor SiPM mounting in the vacuum chamber: Coupling into Laser beam via optical fiber Feedthroughs for supply voltages and signal Temperature control J. Marton AMPDs for Frontier Detector Systems, GSI, February 10, 2009

Low-level light detection (e.g. Cherenkov) Requirements: High photon detection (PDE) efficiency at short wavelengths Moderate number of cells, high fill factor, good QE in the blue light range Low noise  cooling can help - but how the performance changes at low T J. Marton AMPDs for Frontier Detector Systems, GSI, February 10, 2009

Leakage Current Photonique Hamamatsu (HS 50) Problem: How can one set a GM-APD at a certain operating point / gain? Suggestion: Use the leakage current (current without light) which is made up by current through the diode + dark counts. We investigated this leakage curret with respect to different ambiant conditions and found completely different dependencies for different types from different manufacturers. Left: lower temperature -> lower leakage current Right: lower temperature -> exp. increase of lc. J. Marton AMPDs for Frontier Detector Systems, GSI, February 10, 2009

Cooling Gain changes as function of T Dark count rate decreases Afterpulses increase J. Marton AMPDs for Frontier Detector Systems, GSI, February 10, 2009

SiPMs tested Recently tests were also done with Hamamatsu 3x3 mm New MAPDs from Zecotec J. Marton AMPDs for Frontier Detector Systems, GSI, February 10, 2009

Tests at SMI Current/voltage characteristics as function of T Pulse-height spectra (CAMAC and VME based DAQ system), gain studies Timing studies with ps laser Study the effect of cooling on the performance Measurements at different temperatures, Peltier cooling below 0oC J. Marton AMPDs for Frontier Detector Systems, GSI, February 10, 2009

Recorded PH Spectra J. Marton AMPDs for Frontier Detector Systems, GSI, February 10, 2009

First tests of timing resolution Different light intensity, threshold 0.5p.e.: Mean: 10 photon 240ps FWHM Mean: ~15 photon 180ps FWHM Stefan Hamamatsu 100U AMPD (HS 100) J. Marton AMPDs for Frontier Detector Systems, GSI, February 10, 2009

Comparison FWHM ~ 250 ps From Hamamatsu MPPC booklet J. Marton AMPDs for Frontier Detector Systems, GSI, February 10, 2009

An Example for the Application of SiPMs : Beam-Profile Monitor for FOPI K. Suzuki, P. Bühler, S. Fossati, J. Marton, M. Schafhauser and J. Zmeskal, "Development of SciFi/CheFi detectors with SiPM readout", Proc. New Developments In Photodetection 2008", Aix-les-Bains, France, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physic Research A, in print. Monitor of proton beam Good position resolution ~1mm 1 grid consisting of 2 layers of scintillating fibers 1mm 9x9 cm active area Resistant to magnetic field of 0.6 Tesla High rate capability (>1 MHz) J. Marton AMPDs for Frontier Detector Systems, GSI, February 10, 2009

Beam Profile Monitor - Design 2 Layers of scint. fibers X-Y Readout with SiPMs J. Marton AMPDs for Frontier Detector Systems, GSI, February 10, 2009

During Assembling J. Marton AMPDs for Frontier Detector Systems, GSI, February 10, 2009

Beam Profile Monitor J. Marton AMPDs for Frontier Detector Systems, GSI, February 10, 2009

Installation at GSI-FOPI J. Marton AMPDs for Frontier Detector Systems, GSI, February 10, 2009

Installation at GSI-FOPI J. Marton AMPDs for Frontier Detector Systems, GSI, February 10, 2009

Beam profile J. Marton AMPDs for Frontier Detector Systems, GSI, February 10, 2009

Next steps Improving cooling system (hopefully down to -30ºC) Automatic basic characteristics evaluation system to test new products and protypes Timing performance of SiPMs with laser system J. Marton AMPDs for Frontier Detector Systems, GSI, February 10, 2009

Team @ SMI Ahmed Gamal Paul Bühler, Matthias Schafhauser, Ken Suzuki, Johann Marton technicians (3) and students J. Marton AMPDs for Frontier Detector Systems, GSI, February 10, 2009

Thank you for your attention J. Marton AMPDs for Frontier Detector Systems, GSI, February 10, 2009

Dark count rate with Peltier cooling Gain kept constant by adjusting the bias voltage J. Marton AMPDs for Frontier Detector Systems, GSI, February 10, 2009