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Presentation transcript:

© 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

Which fluid compartment holds the greatest percentage of water? Plasma Interstitial fluid Intracellular fluid Extracellular fluid Answer: c © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

Which fluid compartment holds the greatest percentage of water? Plasma Interstitial fluid Intracellular fluid Extracellular fluid © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

Which of these contributes the least amount to water intake? Metabolism Solid foods Ingested liquids Evaporated water Answer: a © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

Which of these contributes the least amount to water intake? Metabolism Solid foods Ingested liquids Evaporated water © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

What may be the effect of consuming sports drinks with high sugar concentrations? Increased energy Diarrhea and cramps Loss of vitamins Kidney failure Answer: b © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

What may be the effect of consuming sports drinks with high sugar concentrations? Increased energy Diarrhea and cramps Loss of vitamins Kidney failure © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

How is homeostasis of osmotic concentration between ICF and ECF maintained? Dehydration Rehydration Fluid shift Filtration Answer: c © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

How is homeostasis of osmotic concentration between ICF and ECF maintained? Dehydration Rehydration Fluid shift Filtration © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

What is the physiological response to ECF volume gain? Peripheral vasoconstriction Increased thirst Increased secretion of aldosterone Increased Na+ loss in urine Answer: d © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

What is the physiological response to ECF volume gain? Peripheral vasoconstriction Increased thirst Increased secretion of aldosterone Increased Na+ loss in urine © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

Which of the following ions is potentially the most dangerous if imbalanced? Potassium Sodium Calcium Bicarbonate Answer: a © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

Which of the following ions is potentially the most dangerous if imbalanced? Potassium Sodium Calcium Bicarbonate © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

Which hormone is responsible for the regulation of potassium? Antidiuretic hormone Atrial natriuretic peptide Aldosterone Angiotensin I Answer: c © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

Which hormone is responsible for the regulation of potassium? Antidiuretic hormone Atrial natriuretic hormone Aldosterone Angiotensin I © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

Aldosteronism results in _____. hyperkalemia hypokalemia hypernatremia hyponatremia Answer: b © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

Aldosteronism results in _____. hyperkalemia hypokalemia hypernatremia hyponatremia © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

Which of these stimulates secretion of ADH? Kidney cells Adrenal cortical cells Hypothalamic osmoreceptor cells Right atrial cells Answer: c © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

Which of these stimulates secretion of ADH? Kidney cells Adrenal cortical cells Hypothalamic osmoreceptor cells Right atrial cells © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

Where is most of the body’s potassium? Digestive tract Kidneys Bones Intracellular fluid Answer: d © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

Where is most of the body’s potassium? Digestive tract Kidneys Bones Intracellular fluid © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

What fluid can have a normal pH of 6.0? Blood Plasma ICF Urine Answer: d © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

What fluid can have a normal pH of 6.0? Blood Plasma ICF Urine © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

Which of these can lead to a comatose state? pH higher than 7.35 pH higher than 7.5 pH lower than 7.0 Alkalemia Answer: c © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

Which of these can lead to a comatose state? pH higher than 7.35 pH higher than 7.5 pH lower than 7.0 Alkalemia © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

Which of these is formed by carbon dioxide in the body? Carbonic anhydrase Carbonic acid A buffer system An alkaline Answer: b © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

Which of these is formed by carbon dioxide in the body? Carbonic anhydrase Carbonic acid A buffer system An alkaline © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

Which is the most important factor affecting your body’s pH? CO2 OH– Lactic acid HCO3– Answer: a © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

Which is the most important factor affecting your body’s pH? CO2 OH– Lactic acid HCO3– © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

Which is the most important buffer system in the ECF? Protein buffer Carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer Phosphate buffer Hemoglobin buffer Answer: b © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

Which is the most important buffer system in the ECF? Protein buffer Carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer Phosphate buffer Hemoglobin buffer © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

Holding your breath for an extended period of time may lead to _____. ketosis respiratory acidosis metabolic alkalosis alkalemia Answer: b © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

Holding your breath for an extended period of time may lead to _____. ketosis respiratory acidosis metabolic alkalosis alkalemia © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

Which of these is a renal response to metabolic alkalosis? Secretion of hydrogen ions Increased removal of carbonic acid Tubular reabsorption of bicarbonate Active reabsorption of H+ Answer: d © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

Which of these is a renal response to metabolic alkalosis? Secretion of hydrogen ions Increased removal of carbonic acid Tubular reabsorption of bicarbonate Active reabsorption of H+ © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

To which of the following will hyperventilation be a homeostatic response? Metabolic acidosis Metabolic alkalosis Anxiety attack Excess antacid ingestion Answer: a © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

To which of the following will hyperventilation be a homeostatic response? Metabolic acidosis Metabolic alkalosis Anxiety attack Excess antacid ingestion © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

Which of the following is exchanged for hydrogen ions by renal tubular cells in response to acidosis? Chloride ions Sodium ions Potassium ions Bicarbonate ions Answer: b © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

Which of the following is exchanged for hydrogen ions by renal tubular cells in response to acidosis? Chloride ions Sodium ions Potassium ions Bicarbonate ions © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

Which of these is a renal response to either metabolic or respiratory acidosis? Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase Production and secretion of HCO3– Cotransport of Na+ and HCO3– into ECF Tubular secretion of OH– Answer: c © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

Which of these is a renal response to either metabolic or respiratory acidosis? Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase Production and secretion of HCO3– Cotransport of Na+ and HCO3– into ECF Tubular secretion of OH– © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

Which of these is a hypoventilatory disorder? Respiratory acidosis Respiratory alkalosis Metabolic acidosis Metabolic alkalosis Answer: a © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

Which of these is a hypoventilatory disorder? Respiratory acidosis Respiratory alkalosis Metabolic acidosis Metabolic alkalosis © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

Which of these occurs when blood pH falls below the normal range? Increase in blood PCO2 Stimulation of arterial chemoreceptors Increased renal tubular K+ secretion Renal failure Answer: b © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

Which of these occurs when blood pH falls below the normal range? Increase in blood PCO2 Stimulation of arterial chemoreceptors Increased renal tubular K+ secretion Renal failure © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

Which of these would result in respiratory alkalosis? Asthma Emphysema Chronic bronchitis Anxiety-induced hyperventilation Answer: d © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

Which of these would result in respiratory alkalosis? Asthma Emphysema Chronic bronchitis Anxiety-induced hyperventilation © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

Which of these occurs when respiratory rate and depth rise above the normal range? Decrease in blood PCO2 Acidemia Decreased renal HCO3– secretion Hypoxia Answer: a © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

Which of these occurs when respiratory rate and depth rise above the normal range? Decrease in blood PCO2 Acidemia Decreased renal HCO3– secretion Hypoxia © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

Which of the following blood pH values is most likely associated with a PCO2 of 50 mm Hg? 7.32 7.35 7.45 7.47 Answer: a © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

Which of the following blood pH values is most likely associated with a PCO2 of 50 mm Hg? 7.32 7.35 7.45 7.47 © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

A patient with Type 2 diabetes is suffering from metabolic acidosis A patient with Type 2 diabetes is suffering from metabolic acidosis. How will the patient’s body compensate? Decrease respiratory rate Increase urination Decrease production of carbonic acid Decrease aldosterone production Answer: b © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

A patient with Type 2 diabetes is suffering from metabolic acidosis A patient with Type 2 diabetes is suffering from metabolic acidosis. How will the patient’s body compensate? Decrease respiratory rate Increase urination Decrease production of carbonic acid Decrease aldosterone production © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.