Muslim % of the Population (Pew Center 2011) 1990 Figure for France may be low

Schools and Republican values (S)ince the Third Republic, schools have been considered the key to disseminating and stabilizing republicanism, to creating France as a nation one and indivisible. (107) How did your schools “disseminate and stabilize” national democratic values? What role-if any- did religion play in those schools? Was creationism or intelligent design taught? Was evolution? Did you ever feel that you needed protection from religion?

Church/State Policy and Schools: France vs. Britain 1 Key Principle Laicite Religion should be excluded from the secular space of schools. Church/State History Conflictual, marked by strong anticlerical parties Church and State Officially Separate Key Principle Multiculturalism “Multicultural policies in Britain today mainly concern how state schools handle their diverse clientele: teaching cultural and religious studies curricula, offering halal meals to Muslim pupils. Behind these specific policies is the notion, generally accepted in Britain, that the cultural and religious traditions of each pupil should be positively recognized.” John Bowen Church/State History Established Church (Church of England/Anglican) Retains Some privileges (funding, seats in the House of Lords, ties to the Monarchy) No strongly anticlerical party Historically the Conservatives favored the Anglican Church, while the Liberals favored “dissenters”

Church/State Policy and Schools: France vs. Britain 2 Accommodations for Religious Minorities: Limits on the Hijab and other religious symbols Schools very reluctant to make accommodations for religious minorities (meals, for example) State pays the salaries of teachers in religious (mostly Catholic) schools and 10% of other costs. Accommodations for Religious Minorities: Accommodation of religious minorities dress, diet, culture State funding of religious schools and mandatory religious education in public schools Religious education is officially Christian, but in fact ecumenical and usually involves outreach to local religious authorities. While approval has been difficult, Muslim schools have had an easier time than in France when it comes to getting official recognition and funding.

Would you favor the American, French, or British approach to secularism? Why?

Poll -------- is ‘very important’ for being truly American. Being able to speak English Sharing American customs and traditions Being a Christian Having been born in the U.S.

2016 Pew Survey

2016 Pew Survey

2016 European views on diversity

Muslims in your country mostly want to…. General Public Muslims

Pew 2006 Which do you consider yourself first a citizen of your country or a Muslim? Which do you consider yourself first a citizen of your country or a Christian?

Muslims in your country mostly want to…. Pew 2006 General Public Muslims

Pew 2016

Pew 2011

Shadi Hamid “A liberal society can survive with a minority that opposes blasphemy.* More than that, a liberal society cannot be truly liberal without allowing citizens to express their own personal illiberalism, as long as they do so through legal, democratic channels.” What is Hamid saying here? Do you agree? Why or why not? *Would your answer change if high levels of support for Sharia or opposition to homosexuality were substituted here?

Maajid Nawaz Watch video. Does he make you reevaluate Hamid? Do you agree with Nawaz?