Chapter 8 Volcanoes.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 8 Volcanoes

How do volcanoes form? When magma (melted rock) gets to Earth’s surface, it erupts and forms a volcano. Ring of Fire – the area that many volcanoes are located by the plate boundary in the pacific ocean.

Where do volcanoes form? Most volcanoes form at plate boundaries. Magma Plumes/Hot Spots Divergent Boundaries Convergent Boundaries summary summary summary picture picture picture

Hot Spots A volcanically active area that is not near a tectonic plate boundary

What causes magma to form? Magma needs 3 things: Temperature- Rock has to get really hot to melt High temperature Pressure- Low pressure This is found near the crust Magma takes up more space than rock. Fluid- Rock that has fluids like water can melt more easily than dry rock

Review 8.1 Hot spot Magma Volcano Divergent boundary Convergent boundary Subduction Locations of volcanoes How magma forms How rock melts Mid-ocean ridge

What kind of volcanoes form at Divergent boundaries? Mid Ocean Ridge Mafic lava – thin, runny, dark When lava erupts under the water it hardens quickly New land Sea floor spreading Oceanic crust Oceanic crust Old land Old land magma Rift zone – deep cracks that form as two plates separate.

What kind of volcanoes form at convergent boundaries? Lava comes from melted crust and melted mantle mafic (rich in magnesium and iron) (thin, dark, runny) felsic (rich in silica and feldspar)(thick, sticky, light in color) Big explosion Pyroclastic material – rocks, gas, ashes, large chunks Pyroclastic flow Can destroy everything in its path 700 degrees C super HOT!!

Vent – openings where lava is released. Lava tubes- long pipelike structures created when the flow will cool and solidify on top while the interior continues to travel. Magma chamber – the magma that feeds the eruption pools deep underground in this structure.

Shield volcano Lava quietly flows from the vent. mountain covers a large area. sides are gently sloped. Mountain is dome-shaped. wide tall mountain. mafic lava – runny and dark. Erupts over and over for a long period of time. continuous non explosive eruptions.

Cinder cone volcano cinders and rock particles are blown into the air. Mountain is small. Mountain has steep sides. lava and ash come out of small vents and spray out in the air. Pieces of hard lava fall on the ground (cinders). cinders and ash build up around the vent to form a small, steep volcano Example: Paricutin, Mexico

Composite volcano violent eruptions sends up volcanic bombs, cinders and ash. quiet volcanic flow follows the explosion. Alternating layers continue forming the mountain. mountain is large. Sides steep. mountain is cone-shaped. Erupts over and over for a long period of time. also called strato volcano. Example: Mt. Vesuvius, Italy.

Review 8.2 Lava Rift zone Mantle chamber Pyroclasitc material Mafic Felsic Shield volcano Composite volcano

Effects of volcanic eruptions Harmful Volcanoes hurt/kill people Destroys buildings and trees Creates changes in the environment Pyroclastic flows bury anything in its path.

Effects of volcanic eruptions Harmful Water mixed with ashes can cause floods and mudflows (lahars).

Effects of volcanic eruptions Harmful Hard to breathe Damages crops

Effects of volcanic eruptions Harmful Ashes can block sunlight and make the world cooler for several years. Affect Earth’s climate for several years. Ash and gases released in the air can cause temperatures to go down.

Effects of volcanic eruptions Helpful (benefits) Volcanic rocks break down soil Volcanic Soil contains nutrients for plant growth.

Effects of volcanic eruptions Helpful (benefits) Geothermal energy – people can pump hot water out of rocks to make electricity or to heat buildings.

Effects of volcanic eruptions Helpful (benefits) Volcanic rocks –used for build buildings, cat litter, soap, cleaners, and polishes

Review 8.3 Lahar Geothermal water Volcanic soil Global effect of volcanic eruption Uses of volcanic rocks. Geothermal energy. Large volcanic eruptions can cause…

Volcano movie http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=9b27ccd4-2bbe-43fe-bdee-5c999455737a

Chapter 8 Review Volcanoes Where volcanoes are formed Divergent, convergent boundaries, and hot spots 3 types of volcanoes How magma forms Hazards and Benefits of volcanoes Mantle plumes Felsic magma Mafic magma Lahars Lava Subduction Pyroclasitc material Parts of a volcano