Soil Fertility in Muskogee County Rodney King Extension Educator, Agriculture

Essential Plant Nutrients Major Nutrients Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium Secondary Nutrients Calcium Sulfur Magnesium Micronutrients Iron, Manganese, Zinc, Copper, Chlorine, Boron, Molybdenum Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

Comprehensive Salinity Management Soil Tests Routine pH Buffer Index Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium Secondary Nutrients Sulfate-Sulfur Magnesium (Calcium for peanuts) Micronutrients Iron Zinc Boron Subsoil Nitrate Organic Matter Chlorine Salinity Management Comprehensive Salinity Management

Mobility of Nutrients in Soil Mobile Nutrients Nitrogen Sulfur Boron Chlorine (Fuel Tank) Immobile Nutrients Phosphorus Potassium Calcium Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Mo (Crankcase)

Plant absorption of Nitrogen. Fuel Tank Nutrient Plants absorb N from large volume of soil.

Crop absorption of immobile nutrients (P and K). Immobile nutrients can buildup to adequate levels (crankcase)

Nitrogen Requirement Crop to be grown Yield goal N requirement N needs = N requirement - Soil NO3-N Credits for subsurface and manure N

Fertilizer Recommendations Nitrogen Based on Yield Goals Introduced Forages – 50 lbs N/Ton Corn – 1.2 lbs N/Bushel Wheat – 2 lbs N/Bushel Phosphorus and Potassium based on % sufficiency – Recommendation is amount needed annually to achieve optimum yields

Nitrogen Deficiency in Wheat Pasture.

Bermudagrass Response to N N Rate 50 100 150 200 Expected Yield 1.0 1.8 2.8 3.4 3.9

3 ton yield goal 142 lbs N/A

Calibration Stamp 2002-2004 Ramped N Rich Strip 2005

In season environmental conditions Handheld Unit – Temporal Variability In season environmental conditions 6 handheld GreenSeeker™ units located in Extension Offices

Muskogee Co. NO3 lbs/A 2006 294 samples Range 1 - 408

Phosphorus Requirement Soil test P index (Mehlich 3 method) Percent sufficiency P requirement (P2O5 lbs/acre)

65 Full Mark on Dipstick Very low

250 Full Mark on Dipstick Low

Percent Sufficiency Phosphorus Index - 9 64% Sufficient Potassium Index - 143 84% Sufficient .64 X .84 = .54 54% Sufficient Would expect 54% of optimum yield if P and K are not applied.

Bermudagrass/Fertilizer Demo. Mayes Co Bermudagrass/Fertilizer Demo. Mayes Co. Fertilized May 12, Harvested August 5, 1997 Yield lb./a Nitrogen Rate

Muskogee County P index 2006 294 samples Range 2 - 1230

Muskogee County K Index 2006 294 samples Range 56 – 2,301

Legumes, Grain Sorghum, Wheat, Corn 5.5 – 7.0 pH preference Legumes, Grain Sorghum, Wheat, Corn 5.5 – 7.0 Fescue 4.5 – 7.0 Bermudagrass 5.7 – 7.0 Alfalfa 6.5 – 7.5

Muskogee County pH 2006 294 samples Range 4.2 – 7.7

Muskogee County B.I. 2006 Buffer Index Lime (T ECCE/A) 7.1 0.5 7.0 0.7 6.9 1.0 6.8 1.2 6.7 1.4 6.6 1.9 6.5 2.5 6.4 3.1 294 samples Range 5.9 – 7.2

22 lbs of S is adequate for 8 + T/A

750 Ca deficiency is unlikely pH will be a problem before Ca

100 High yields on soils that are subject to leaching

2 PPM

.3 -.8 Deficient for corn and pecans

>.5 sufficient for all crops Boron only a concern with peanuts or alfalfa

None are deficient in Oklahoma Other Nutrients Chlorine Copper Molybdenum Manganese None are deficient in Oklahoma

Interactive Website for Detemining Fertilizer Value Oklahoma State University - Soil, Water and Forage Analytical Laboratory