The Safe Use of Patient Restraints Mandatory Annual Review Course

Click each button for details Definitions Any method of physically restricting a person’s freedom of movement, physical activity or normal access to his or her body. Patient immobilization that is a normal component of a procedure is not considered restraint. Restraint is: Medical (Non-behavioral) Restraint: A manual method, physical or mechanical device, material, or equipment that immobilizes or reduces the ability of a patient to move his or her arms, legs, body or head freely to protect the patient. Behavioral Health Restraint: The restriction of patient movement in response to severely aggressive, destructive, violent or suicidal behaviors that place the patient or others in imminent danger. Click each button for further details Restraint is not: Forensic restriction used by law enforcement for security purposes.

Side Rails – Restraint or Not? Click the answer The use of side rails may pose risk to patient’s safety. Clinical judgment determines whether or not the use of side rails is considered restraints. Raising all four side rails to prevent the patient from exiting the bed Not Restraint Restraint Four or full side rails to prevent the patient from rolling our of bed Patient actively seizing Post-op patient recovering from anesthesia Patient on a gurney Not Restraint Restraint Click the photo for examples Not Restraint Raising fewer than four side rails (when bed has more than two) Restraint

Alternatives to Restraints Restraints must never be used as a substitute for good nursing care or staff convenience. Restrained patients require MORE CARE and INCREASED DOCUMENTATION. PHYSICAL MEASURES SPIRITUAL NEEDS Relaxation techniques Promote normal sleep patterns Use of lap belt in chair as a reminder Provide glasses, hearing aid, dentures Tape foley to abdomen of male patient Use Activity Apron Exercise and activities Anticipate and provide for basic needs PSYCHOLOGICAL MEASURES Provide for companionship: family, friends Orient to reality Explain all procedures Use TV, radio, music Collaborate w/other healthcare members Provide pain medication, eliminate itch Contact patient’s pastor, minister, priest, rabbi Offer sacrament of Communion, Reconciliation, Anointing of the Sick Use sitter or volunteer to read to patient Use audio tapes, CDs ENVIRONMENTAL NEEDS 1:1 communication Use of cushions to maintain safety Locate patient next to Nurse’s station Use appropriate lighting Use Geri chair, position commode, walker, near bedside Decrease noise, control activity level Place Call light within reach Position tubes/drains out of site Initiate frequent bathroom rounds Review medications for side effects & interactions PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASURES

To Determine the NEED for RESTRAINT USE: Patient Assessment To Determine the NEED for RESTRAINT USE: Attempt Alternatives Use safe, effective and least restrictive method of restraint Clinical Justification based on observed patient actions or behaviors Interference with therapy or patient care Pulling tubes Picking at wounds Removing dressings Activity or thoughts with a reasonable probability of harm to self Wandering Unsteady gait (high risk for falls) Suicidal Activity or thoughts with a reasonable probability of harm to others Confused patient striking out at others Homicidal attempt or talks about killing/harming someone Violent patient in alcohol or drug withdrawal

Reason for the restraint. Be time specific Include type of restraint. Restraint Orders Restraints will be initiated or continued on the order of a treating physician. The order must meet the following criteria: Reason for the restraint. Be time specific Include type of restraint. Reflect least restrictive manner. Be in accordance with safe and appropriate restraining techniques. Be discontinued at the earliest point in time. Never be written as a standing order or PRN.

Medical vs. Behavior Health Orders Behavioral Health Time Limitations 24 hours 4 hours 18yrs or older 2 hours 9-17yrs 1 hour 8yrs and under RN Assessment Every 2 hours or sooner Continuously document every 15 mins MD Assessment Every 24 hours prior to writing new order Every 8 hours 18yrs or older Every 4 hours 17yrs and younger Emergency Application by RN Notify MD ASAP, within 1 hour MD must provide telephone or written order. MD must assess patient ASAP, within 24 hours. Notify MD ASAP, within 1 hour MD must assess patient and write order. Restraint Reapplication Requires new order, and MD assessment. -Even if original order has not exceeded its “time limit.” This does not include the temporary release that occurs for patient assessment.

Observation & Monitoring Assessment will include: The patient’s physical and emotional well-being . Comfort and care needs, including hygiene, elimination, hydration, nutrition The appropriateness of restraint application, removal, and reapplication Assessment of the need for continuing or discontinuing restraint Patient death associated with restraint use: RN will immediately notify Nurse Manager or House Supervisor Complete a UOR (unusual occurrence report) Hospitals AR&L Director or designee will notify CMS

Application of Restraint Must have quick-release application Use the correct size Note “front” and “back” of device Secure to bed springs or frame, not mattress or bed rails Do not apply one-sided restraints Do not restrain feet while their hands are free Place call light and necessary items within reach Do not position pregnant patients 20 weeks or greater on their back, nor should chest or waist restraints be used Restraints should be discontinued as soon as it is no longer indicated by the patient’s actions.

Patient basic needs must be attended to, including: Documentation Patient basic needs must be attended to, including: Nutrition Circulation Range of motion Hygiene Elimination Hydration Document the following in Patient’s record in KP Health Connect: Physician’s order Initial assessment by the RN and 1 hour in-person evaluation by MD Patient’s actions or condition that indicated the initial and continued use of restraint Less restrictive alternatives considered Patient monitoring and response to interventions used Significant changes in the patient’s condition Reassessment/observations, discontinuation of restraints Education and information about restraints provided to the patient and family