输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术的体会 南华大学附属第二医院泌尿外科三区 钱 坤. 背 景  输尿管软镜作为一种新碎石手段,目前在部分医 院应用。其安全性、有效性得到一致的认可。  但是存在一些问题需要探讨:  手术适应症、禁忌症  影响碎石成功率的因素  手术并发症的防治.

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输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术的体会 南华大学附属第二医院泌尿外科三区 钱 坤

背 景  输尿管软镜作为一种新碎石手段,目前在部分医 院应用。其安全性、有效性得到一致的认可。  但是存在一些问题需要探讨:  手术适应症、禁忌症  影响碎石成功率的因素  手术并发症的防治

我们使用的软镜 — 奥林巴斯电子输尿管软镜 优点:  视野清晰  向上 180°/ 向下 275°  不易损坏 缺点:直径较纤维软镜粗

我们使用的软镜相关耗材

我们使用的钬激光发生器

输尿管软镜在我院的使用范围  输尿管结石  肾脏结石

病例资料  我院于201 6 年 3 月至201 6 年 7 月对 65 例肾 和输尿管上段结石患者行输尿管软镜钬激光碎石 术。  患者总数 65 例,男 42 例,女 13 例;年龄 岁, 平均 46 岁。

不同大小结石的构成比例  1-1.5cm 之间为 22 例 1.5-2cm 之间为 29 例  2-3cm 之间为 10 例 3cm 以上为 4 例。

结石位置及肾积水构成情况

结石清除成功标准  术后 1-3 个月再次复查 KUB  结石完全排净或未排净结石碎片< 4mm 者且无临 床症状者视为碎石治疗成功  未排出结石碎片 ≥4 mm 者为有临床意义的结石残留

不同位置碎石成功率

不同积水程度的碎石成功率

不同结石大小碎石时间比较

并发症情况  术后 11 例术后出现具有全身炎性反应的感染( 16.9% ) ,其中发生尿原性脓毒血症 3 例( 4.6% )  术中出血 1 例( 1.5% )  石街 2 例( 3.1% )

并发症的处理  手术时间长等多种原因 尿原性脓毒血症 > 美罗培南 + 地塞米松 + 扩容 + 升压  输尿管鞘置入过深 术中出血 > 留置 D-J 管 + 止血 + 腰腹部加压  较大结石残片过多 石街 > 输尿管镜下取石

结 论 1. 结石大小和碎石清除率成负相关;对于 ≥3.0cm 的肾结石,不建议采取输尿管软镜治疗。 2. 下盏结石单次碎石成功率低于中、上盏结石。 3. 重度积水的患者慎用输尿管软镜碎石。 4. 术前发现有严重泌尿系感染者在未经

结 论  输尿管软镜安全、有效,值得临床进一步 推广。