Religion, Philosophy, and the Arts Coach Parrish OMS Chapter 6, Section 2

Golden Age of Athens Tribute – payments made to Athens by its allies. Tribute – payments made to Athens by its allies. Most powerful man in Athens during the Golden Age was Pericles. Pericles supported democracy by paying a salary to public officials. Most powerful man in Athens during the Golden Age was Pericles. Pericles supported democracy by paying a salary to public officials. Pericles most important contribution while on the throne was the construction of the Parthenon. Pericles most important contribution while on the throne was the construction of the Parthenon.

Pericles

Ancient Greek Religious Beliefs Greeks worshiped a family of gods and goddesses called the Twelve Olympians. The Olympians overthrew the Titans when Zeus defeated his father Cronus. Greeks worshiped a family of gods and goddesses called the Twelve Olympians. The Olympians overthrew the Titans when Zeus defeated his father Cronus. Each Olympian ruled a different area of human life and the natural world. Each Olympian ruled a different area of human life and the natural world.

Twelve Olympians in Greek Mythology The Twelve Olympians can be found on page 183 in the chart. You will need to look at the chart and add it to your notes for your test. In addition to the chart, the two below will be included: The Twelve Olympians can be found on page 183 in the chart. You will need to look at the chart and add it to your notes for your test. In addition to the chart, the two below will be included: 1. Hephaestus – God of the forge and fire. 2. Hestia - Calm goddess of home and homelife, symbolized by the hearth which holds the continually-burning flame. Hestia

Hephaestus’ Temple in Athens

Gods and Goddesses The Greeks built temples to the many different gods wherever they lived. The Greeks built temples to the many different gods wherever they lived. The main difference between gods and humans was that the gods were immortal – meant they lived forever. The main difference between gods and humans was that the gods were immortal – meant they lived forever. Mythology tells us that the Greeks worshiped gods led by Zeus, the king of the gods. Mythology tells us that the Greeks worshiped gods led by Zeus, the king of the gods.

Gods and Goddesses, cont. Zeus lived on Mt. Olympus, Greece’s highest mountain. Zeus lived on Mt. Olympus, Greece’s highest mountain. The Greeks also worshiped mythical heroes like Achilles, who is mentioned in the Iliad. The Greeks also worshiped mythical heroes like Achilles, who is mentioned in the Iliad. Although the Greeks worshiped all their gods, each city-state honored one of the 12 gods by building a temple in their honor. Although the Greeks worshiped all their gods, each city-state honored one of the 12 gods by building a temple in their honor. To honor Zeus, all city-states came together once every 4 years for an Olympian festival. To honor Zeus, all city-states came together once every 4 years for an Olympian festival.

Mt. Olympus

The Oracles In ancient Greece, people looked to their gods for advice and signs on how to behave and live correctly. In ancient Greece, people looked to their gods for advice and signs on how to behave and live correctly. The Greeks visited oracles – sacred sites where it was believed the gods spoke. The Greeks visited oracles – sacred sites where it was believed the gods spoke. At these shrines, people would ask advice that would come from priests or through dreams. At these shrines, people would ask advice that would come from priests or through dreams.

Tholos Temple

Greek Science and Philosophy Philosophers – people who believed that humans could use the powers of the mind and reason to understand natural events. Philosophers – people who believed that humans could use the powers of the mind and reason to understand natural events. One philosopher, Democritus, reasoned that the world was made up of tiny particles he called atoms. Modern science proved him correct some 2000 years later. One philosopher, Democritus, reasoned that the world was made up of tiny particles he called atoms. Modern science proved him correct some 2000 years later.

Socrates Socrates was a philosopher who taught in Athens during, and after the Golden Age. Socrates was a philosopher who taught in Athens during, and after the Golden Age. Socrates urged the Greeks to consider the true meaning of justice and courage. He did so by asking questions that caused the Greeks to think about their beliefs. Socrates urged the Greeks to consider the true meaning of justice and courage. He did so by asking questions that caused the Greeks to think about their beliefs. In 399 BC, Socrates was put on trial. He was accused of dishonoring the gods. He was condemned to death. Even with the encouragement of his friends, he refused to escape, drank poison and died. In 399 BC, Socrates was put on trial. He was accused of dishonoring the gods. He was condemned to death. Even with the encouragement of his friends, he refused to escape, drank poison and died.

Statue of Socrates

Plato Plato was a friend of Socrates who left Athens after Socrates’ death. Plato was a friend of Socrates who left Athens after Socrates’ death. He returned to Athens in 387 BC and founded a school for teaching philosophy, astronomy, mathematics, biology, and other subjects. Some historians consider Plato’s school to be the first college. He returned to Athens in 387 BC and founded a school for teaching philosophy, astronomy, mathematics, biology, and other subjects. Some historians consider Plato’s school to be the first college.

Plato

Visual and Dramatic Arts The ancient Greeks devoted great attention to the visual arts such as architecture and sculpture which they used to honor the gods. The ancient Greeks devoted great attention to the visual arts such as architecture and sculpture which they used to honor the gods.

The Parthenon Designed as a temple to honor Athena. It was constructed of fine marble. The statue of Athena inside the Parthenon stood 40 feet tall. Designed as a temple to honor Athena. It was constructed of fine marble. The statue of Athena inside the Parthenon stood 40 feet tall. The Parthenon illustrates that the Greeks tried to create order and balance in all areas of life. The Parthenon illustrates that the Greeks tried to create order and balance in all areas of life.

Dramas Athenians were considered the first people to write dramas. Two of the most famous Greek plays are called tragedies and comedies. Athenians were considered the first people to write dramas. Two of the most famous Greek plays are called tragedies and comedies. 1. Tragedy – serious story that usually ends in disaster for the main character. 2. During the 400s BC, poets wrote comedies that made fun of well-known citizens and politicians.

Greek Theatre at Epidauros

Greek Masks These masks were used in theatre to help actors play different roles. You don’t have to copy this down!!!

Many City-States, One People Even though the Greeks lived in different city- states, they shared the same language. Even though the Greeks lived in different city- states, they shared the same language. One example of the culture they shared was the Olympic festival which were held every 4 years. The first Olympic Games were held in 776 BC. One example of the culture they shared was the Olympic festival which were held every 4 years. The first Olympic Games were held in 776 BC.