AgriFuture Days June 2016, Villach, Austria Technical and technological opportunities to reshape EU CAP integrated administration and control systems Philippe LOUDJANI MARS Unit (Monitoring Agricultural Resources) DG Joint Research Centre

The CAP CAP purpose is to set the conditions allowing farmers to fulfil their multiple functions in society - the first of which is to produce food. After fifty years, the CAP has to address more challenges: Food security at the global level Climate change and sustainable management of natural resources Looking after the countryside across the EU keeping the rural economy alive. How? Managed and funded at European level Delegated to Member States Integrated Administration and Control System (IACS)  Assure that sums are spent properly and that irregular payments are detected and recovered

Conditions constantly evolve Technology is also evolving GSD 14,5m GSD 8mGSD 6,5m GSD 1m GSD 0,6m GSD 0,5m  Management and control constantly need update if not upgrade CAP The CAP ?

The path of CAP expenditure EU-10 EU-12 EU-15 EU-25EU-27 Source: DG Agriculture and Rural Development. CAP: € / year 40 Billions Direct aids 14 Billions Rural development Average 250 € direct aids / ha 8 millions EU farmers Rural areas = 90% EU territory 50% farmed EU-28 CAP regularly up-dated (Reforms) CAP = 0,3 € / EU citizen / day

5 IACS Administration System DG AGRI / CAP Annual decl. 5 years commit. 1st PILLAR Five schemes 2nd PILLAR Rural Development Arable land forage crops Nuts, tobacco … DG ENV Environment directives Nitrate Habitat Bird... Statutory Management Requirements Good Agriculture and Environmental Conditions Eligibility Land use Land cover/ area checks DG SANCO An. IdentDiseases... Animal health and Public Welfare health FAS, AEM, LFA, PQ, OF, Others Farm Advisory Service Land Parcel Identification System + Permanent Ecological Focus Areas Additional financing Requirements for payments Help to be compliant Administrative management Greening 30% SmallfarmsSmallfarms On-The-Spot Checks CwRS PG EFA Div.. Eligibility for payments CAP organisation and management Direct Payments BPS/SAPSBPS/SAPS Young farmerYoung farmer CouplesupportCouplesupport

GTCAP’s role Long standing scientific and technical support to DG AGRI and Member States' agricultural administrations for the effective implementation of all components of the CAP First Pillar legislation. Unique role, unique entity (no EU agricultural agency or equivalent) ? Use of research and innovation to help defining appropriate methods and tools within the legally requested accuracies. Technical solutions mostly based on: Geospatial data, geomatic and ICT Technical solutions mostly based on: Geospatial data, geomatic and ICT

Before 2003 = coupled payments 20 years of Controls with Remote Sensing (CwRS) Cropped area Crop type Area Crop group Land maintenance Landscape elements After 2003 CAP reform = decoupled payments Crop type Area Land maintenance Landscape features quantification CAP High resolution Images >= 10 m High resolution Images >= 10 m Very High Resolution <=1 m High resolution Images >= 5 m Very High Resolution <=0,5 m

Use of GNSS devices for measurements during On-The-Spot checks (since 2007) LPIS Quality Assessment (since 2010) Digital Land Parcel identification System (LPIS) (since 2004) WikiCAP GAEC Database Farm Advisory Service Database Done so far … Tools benchmarking Innovative methods Technology transfer … Today 75 % of total On-The-Spot checks Today Used in all MS 6500 devices Today 126 million parcels in EU Use of satellite imagery for On-The-Spot checks (CwRS) (since early 90’s ) 1/ pan European km2 VHR km2 HR 640 zones

Annual Report Court of Auditors of the European Communities Financial year 2008 (Par p. 92) “Based on the results of its audit work, the Court concludes that for the payments for the year ended 31 December 2008 for the policy group taken as a whole the estimated value of the overall error rate is slightly below the materiality threshold of 2 %.” But what about today and … tomorrow ?

- Area - Length - Different land use / land cover aspects Eligibility of land (‘minimum activity’) Crop type Voluntary Coupled Support Diversification Permanent grassland ‘Exemption thresholds’ Landscape feature types GAEC Ecological Focus Areas Traditional cropping practices Tree counting Land maintenance Erosion, land abandonment, hedge-tree removal … -Timing to respect Winter cover cropping period New CAP: How to ensure commonality over 28 EU member states? Complex and many options at Member States level

Technological survey Innovation Fast developing technology Fast decreasing costs

Big Free data (COPERNICUS - INSPIRE) Copernicus Core003 Mosaic Pan-European datasets High temporal availability Many thematic layers Potentially every 6 days

Data assimilation Ancillary data assimilation in IACS processes  Photos, precision farming captured data …  Evidence facts, activities GeoSpatial Aid Application (GSAA) - LPIS – EFA layers as cornerstones GSAA Sensors Apps Mobile phone Tablet - PCs Digital photo Sketch map

Farm level tools From compliance to farm performance Farm performance Comparison of farm type performance SOSTARE model EFA calculator

Conclusions Constantly evolving CAP legislation Require continual update or upgrade of CAP implementation methods So as to be appropriate and accurate. Time to reconsider the whole management and control process for CAP ? Big data, ICT, new tools Beginning of a NEW ERA

Conclusions Extent use of GeoSpatial Aid Application (GSAA) – LPIS  Mandatory Green House Gas estimation (Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF))  Collection of additional information  Statistics on crop areas  Statistics on Farm typology  Crop rotation, farm size …  Impact assessments  Comparison of different years  …. aggregation

Nota Bene: Administration Managing and controlling CAP aids  Need to justify and evidence all their decisions and methods  Certified and detailed services  Insurance