1. Place the following biological terms in order from most specific to most inclusive. 1. Biosphere11. Species 2. Body System 3. Cell 4. Community 5. Biome 6. Molecules 7. Organism 8. Population 9. Ecosystem 10. Organ

 Which population would probably increase if the tadpole population decreased? a. Heronsc. Fish b. Alligators d. Algae

 Which of the following observations of a forest ecosystem is an example of how a biotic factor uses an abiotic factor? a. Trees absorb water as a raw material for photosynthesis. b. Insects eat and digest the leaves of trees. c. Erosion of sedimentary rock adds phosphorous to the soil d. Soil absorbs rainwater and becomes mud

 Explain the differences between population size, density, and dispersion.  Describe the three main patterns of population dispersion  Explain the importance of a population’s age structure  Contrast the 3 main types of survivorship curves

 Population – group of organisms that belong to the same species and live in a particular place at the same time.  Individuals of a population can interbreed and produce viable offspring

 Population size – is the number of individuals the population contains  Most times it is estimated by scientists

 Population density – is the measurement of how crowded a population is in a particular space  Always expressed as a number of individuals per unit of area or volume  30 people per km 2  Some areas can be sparsely populated and some may be densely populated

 Population dispersion – the spatial distribution of individuals within the population.  Clumped – individuals are clustered together  Random – each individuals location is independent of the location of other individuals.  Uniform – individuals are separated by a consistent distance.

 Random Dispersion

 Uniform Dispersion

 Clumped dispersion

 All populations change in size and composition over time.  To study dynamics scientists must have data such as:  Birth rate  Death Rate (mortality)  Life expectancy

 Exponential growth of a population occurs when there is unlimited resources in the habitat for a particular species.

 Logistic growth—indicated by an S-shaped curve  Difference between logistic and exponential due to environmental resistance

 Carrying Capacity is the maximum number of individuals of a given species the environment can support.  The closer the population to the carrying capacity, the greater the environmental resistance. ▪ Biotic potential is having full effect and birthrate is a maximum during exponential growth.

 If a human population has a high percentage of younger individuals it may have a greater potential for growth.

 Death rates of a population conform to one of three curves  Survivorship curves show the likelihood of survival at different ages throughout the lifetime of the organism.  In humans, the likelihood of dying is small until late in life

 Type I – the likelihood of dying is small until late in life. Large mammals like Humans, elephants  Type II – the likelihood of dying does not change throughout the lifetime. Birds, small mammals, lizards  Type III – the likelihood of dying young is highest. Insects, plants, salmon, octopus, oysters

1. Which of the following describes the density of a population? a. 5 sloths dispersed randomly b. 100 people in the area c. 100 wolves per square mile d. 1 acre per family 2. Zebra herds that live and move together are an example of what type of dispersion? 3. What does a survivorship curve show? 4. Which curve would represent an organism that cares for its young and reproduces relatively late in life?