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Date of download: 9/18/2016 Copyright © The American College of Cardiology. All rights reserved. From: Comparison of Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Drivers and Circumferential Pulmonary Vein Isolation in Atrial Fibrillation: A Noninferiority Randomized Multicenter RADAR-AF Trial J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64(23): doi: /j.jacc Figure Legend: Study Ablation Strategies (A) Circumferential pulmonary vein isolation (CPVI) as seen from the left atrial (LA) posterior view. Red dots indicate ablation lesions. (B) High- frequency source ablation (HFSA) as seen in this LA dominant frequency (DF) map, posterior view, showing an HFS located at the antrum of the right inferior pulmonary vein. Yellow dots indicate ablation lesions. (C) CPVI + HFSA is illustrated in LA and right atrial DF maps, anterior (right) and posterior (left) view, showing CPVI and HFSA lesions (white dots).

Date of download: 9/18/2016 Copyright © The American College of Cardiology. All rights reserved. From: Comparison of Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Drivers and Circumferential Pulmonary Vein Isolation in Atrial Fibrillation: A Noninferiority Randomized Multicenter RADAR-AF Trial J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64(23): doi: /j.jacc Figure Legend: Patient Inclusion Flow Chart Patient distribution according to eligibility, atrial fibrillation (AF) type, ablation strategy assignment, and follow-up duration. Abbreviations as in Figure 1.

Date of download: 9/18/2016 Copyright © The American College of Cardiology. All rights reserved. From: Comparison of Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Drivers and Circumferential Pulmonary Vein Isolation in Atrial Fibrillation: A Noninferiority Randomized Multicenter RADAR-AF Trial J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64(23): doi: /j.jacc Figure Legend: Schematic Diagram of HFS Distribution in the Atria Posterior view of the atria showing HFS distribution in patients with paroxysmal (left) and persistent (right) AF. HFS are predominantly clustered at the pulmonary vein antrum and the left atrial posterior wall in paroxysmal AF, whereas a more widespread distribution is found in persistent AF patients, including the LA body, the septum, and the right atrium. CS = coronary sinus; IVC = inferior vena cava; LAA = left atrial appendage; LSPV = left superior pulmonary vein; LIPV = left inferior pulmonary vein; MV = mitral valve; RAA = right atrial appendage; RSPV = right superior pulmonary vein; RIPV = right inferior pulmonary vein; SVC = superior vena cava; TV = tricuspid valve.

Date of download: 9/18/2016 Copyright © The American College of Cardiology. All rights reserved. From: Comparison of Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Drivers and Circumferential Pulmonary Vein Isolation in Atrial Fibrillation: A Noninferiority Randomized Multicenter RADAR-AF Trial J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64(23): doi: /j.jacc Figure Legend: Comparisons of Efficacy and Safety Endpoints Forest plots compare CPVI versus HFSA only in paroxysmal AF and CPVI versus CPVI + HFSA in persistent AF. AE = adverse events; AT = atrial tachycardia; other abbreviations as in Figures 1 and 2.

Date of download: 9/18/2016 Copyright © The American College of Cardiology. All rights reserved. From: Comparison of Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Drivers and Circumferential Pulmonary Vein Isolation in Atrial Fibrillation: A Noninferiority Randomized Multicenter RADAR-AF Trial J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64(23): doi: /j.jacc Figure Legend: Survival Curves for Paroxysmal AF Patients Kaplan-Meier curves of time to first AF and time to first AF/AT recurrence after a single procedure (left) and after redo procedures (right) in paroxysmal AF patients undergoing CPVI versus HFSA. Abbreviations as in Figures 1, 2, and 4.

Date of download: 9/18/2016 Copyright © The American College of Cardiology. All rights reserved. From: Comparison of Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Drivers and Circumferential Pulmonary Vein Isolation in Atrial Fibrillation: A Noninferiority Randomized Multicenter RADAR-AF Trial J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64(23): doi: /j.jacc Figure Legend: Survival Curves for Persistent AF Patients Kaplan-Meier curves of time to first AF and time to first AF/AT recurrence after a single procedure (left) and after redo procedures (right) in persistent AF patients undergoing CPVI versus CPVI + HFSA. Abbreviations as in Figures 1, 2, and 4.

Date of download: 9/18/2016 Copyright © The American College of Cardiology. All rights reserved. From: Comparison of Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Drivers and Circumferential Pulmonary Vein Isolation in Atrial Fibrillation: A Noninferiority Randomized Multicenter RADAR-AF Trial J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64(23): doi: /j.jacc Figure Legend: Ablation Strategies Compared in Patients With Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation Empiric circumferential pulmonary vein isolation was compared with high-frequency source ablation. The dominant frequency map (left) enabled detection of the highest frequency (purple) source (rotor) located at the left inferior pulmonary vein (1) with fibrillatory conduction to the right atrium (2) that activated at the lowest rate (red to white), as shown in boxes 1 and 2, where local bipolar recordings and the corresponding power spectrum are depicted.