What is poetry?

There are many definitions of poetry. Poetry can appear in neat stanzas, or it can look almost like prose on a page. Sometimes, it even forms a picture with the words. It can tell a story, express and idea, define a character, convey an emotion, describe a setting, or examine a situation. The poems we will look at in this unit will give you a sense of the wide range of literature that we call……. Poetry!

Categories of Poetry Lyric poetry: poetry that expresses vivid thoughts and feelings Narrative poetry: tells a story. Example: “Casey at the Bat” Dramatic poetry: creates the illusion that the reader is actually witnessing a dramatic event

Types of Poems Fixed Form: Poetry that has rules and specifications of structure to follow. Free Form: No specific structure/rules to follow

Types of Poems Haiku: 3 line poem; usually about nature. Syllables 5, 7, 5.

Tanka: a form of ancient Japanese poetry that consists of five unrhymed lines of five, seven, five, seven, and seven syllables (31 syllables total). It does not rhyme. – The most popular form of poetry in Japan for at least 1300 years. Older than haiku. – Evoke a moment or mark an occasion. Often composed as a kind of finale to every sort of occasion; no experience was quite complete until a tanka had been written about it.

Villanelle—a lyric poem written in three-line stanzas (tercet) and ending in a four-line stanza (quatrain). Two lines repeat throughout.

Sonnet: Sonnet—a fourteen-line poem, usually written in rhymed iambic pentameter (10 syllables per line).

Petrarchan: or the Italian Sonnet, the oldest sonnet form. Named after 14 th century poet. The poem falls into 2 main parts: octave (8 lines) rhyming abbaabba sestet (six lines) rhyming some variant of cdecde - -The Octave states a theme or asks a question. The sestet comments on or answers the question. Spenserian: abab bcbc cdcd ee

Shakespearean: ABAB CDCD EFEF GG  Must know this. A) Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? (B) Thou art more lovely and more temperate. (A) Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, (B) And summer’s lease hath all too short a date. (C) Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, (D) And often is his gold complexion dimmed; (C) And every fair from fair sometime declines, (D) By chance, or nature’s changing course untrimmed. (E) But thy eternal summer shall not fade (F) Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st; (E) Nor shall death brag thou wand’rest in his shade, (F) When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st, (G) So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, (G) So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.

Musical devices: things you can hear such as alliteration, onomatopoeia, assonance, consonance, meter, and repetition and rhyme- give poems a musical quality Figurative language: refers to the use of figures of speech, such as simile, metaphor, and personification, which present a fresh and unusual way of looking at things

Alliteration: repetition of consonant sounds at the beginnings of words. Example: She sells sea shells at the sea shore. Assonance: repetition of vowel sounds in words. Example: "Hear the mellow wedding bells" by Edgar Allen Poe Consonance: repetition of consonants, usually towards the ends of words. Example: I dropped the locket in the thick mud.

Remember figurative language: Metaphor: comparing on thing as another. Example. The light house was a beacon of hope to the lost sailor. Simile: comparing one thing to another using like, as, or than. Example: The light house was like a beacon of hope to the lost sailor. Personification: giving human-like qualities to non-living objects. Example: The light house called out to the lost sailor of the night.

More Figurative Language Hyperbole: An extreme exaggeration. Example: The light house was a million miles high in the air. Idiom: A style of speech particular to one group of people that does not make sense when taken literally. Example: It is raining cats and dogs.

TPCASTT A Way to Analyze Poetry: T: Title P: Paraphrase C: Connotation A: Attitude S: Shifts T: Title T: Theme