Chapter 8: Political Parties The Meaning of Party The Party in the Electorate The Party Organizations: From the Grass Roots to Washington The Party in Government: Promises and Policy Party Eras in American History Third Parties: Their Impact on American Politics Understanding Political Parties Summary

The Meaning of Party Political Party – A “team of men [and women] seeking to ____________ the governing apparatus by gaining office in a duly constituted election.” 3 parts of a political party – Party in the ____________ – Party as an organization – Party in __________________ LO 8.1 To Learning Objectives

The Meaning of Party Tasks of the Parties – Pick Candidates – Run Campaigns – Give ___________ to Voters – ___________ Policies – Coordinate Policymaking LO 8.1 To Learning Objectives

The Meaning of Party Parties, Voters, and Policy: The Downs Model – Rational-choice theory – People act in their own best ________________, weighing the costs and benefits of possible alternatives. – Downs Model – (1) Voters _________ policies they favor adopted by government, and (2) parties _____________ to win elected office. LO 8.1 To Learning Objectives

The Party in the Electorate LO 8.2: Determine the significance of party identification in America today. Party ____________________ – The voter’s perception of what the Republicans or Democrats stand for, such as conservatism or liberalism. Party Identification – A citizen’s self-_______________ preference for one party or the other. To Learning Objectives Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

The Party in the Electorate Ticket _______________ – Voting with one party for one office and with another party for other offices. – It has become the ____________ in American voting behavior. LO 8.2 To Learning Objectives

The Party Organizations: From the Grass Roots to Washington Local Parties – Party Machines – Political party organization that relies heavily on material _________________to win votes and to govern. – ____________________ – A job, promotion or contract given for political reasons rather than merit; used by party machines. LO 8.3 To Learning Objectives

The Party Organizations: From the Grass Roots to Washington The 50 State Party Systems – ______________ primaries – People who have registered with the party can vote for party’s candidates. – ____________ primaries – Voters decide on Election Day to vote in the Democrat or Republican primary. – Blanket primaries – A list of candidates from all parties. LO 8.3 To Learning Objectives

The Party Organizations: From the Grass Roots to Washington National Party Organizations – National ______________ – Meeting of party _________________ every four years to choose a presidential ticket and the party’s platform. – National Committee – Keep party ______________ between conventions. – National Chairperson – Day-to-day activities of the party. LO 8.3 To Learning Objectives

The Party in Government: Promises and Policy LO 8.4: Evaluate how well political parties generally do in carrying out their promises. Party in Government – ________________ officials who call themselves members of the party. Coalition – Individuals and groups that support the political party. Promises and Policies – Parties translate their platform promises into public policy. To Learning Objectives Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

Party Eras in American History LO 8.5: Differentiate the various party eras in American history. 1796–1824: The First Party System 1828–1856: Jackson and the ____________ Versus the _________________ 1860–1928: The Two _______________ Eras 1932–1964: The New Deal Coalition 1968–Present: Southern Realignment and the Era of _____________ Party Government To Learning Objectives

Party Eras in American History Party Eras – Periods in which a majority of votes cling to party in power. Critical Election – Electoral “________________” where new issues and new coalitions emerge Party __________________ – Displacement of majority party by the minority party, usually during a critical election. LO 8.5 To Learning Objectives

Party Eras in American History 1796–1824: The First Party System – _________________ Party was the first political party and capitalists supported the Federalists. – Democratic-Republican Party derived its coalition from _____________ interests and dominated the era after the 1800 election. LO 8.5 To Learning Objectives

Party Eras in American History 1828–1856: Jackson and the Democrats Versus the Whigs – Democrats coalition included _____________, Southerners, new ________________, and settled America. – Whigs coalition included Northern ________________ and Southern __________________. – Democrats dominated this era. LO 8.5 To Learning Objectives

Party Eras in American History 1860–1928: The Two Republican Eras – The main issue of the election of 1860 was ___________. – The main issue of the election of 1896 was the ______________. – Republicans dominated both party eras by forming new coalitions and winning both elections. LO 8.5 To Learning Objectives

Party Eras in American History 1932–1964: New Deal Coalition – A coalition forged by the Democrats, who dominated American politics from the 1930s to the 1960s. – Its basic elements were the urban ____________ class, ethnic groups, ____________ and Jews, the poor, Southerners, African Americans, and _________________. LO 8.5 To Learning Objectives

LO 8.5 To Learning Objectives Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

Party Eras in American History 1968–Present: _______________ _________________ and the Era of Divided Party Government – 1987 Southern delegates – 77 of 116 House seats, and 6 of 22 Senate seats were from GOP. – 2009 Southern delegates – 70 of 131 House seats, and 15 of 22 Senate seats were from GOP. LO 8.5 To Learning Objectives

Party Eras in American History 1968–Present: Southern Realignment and the Era of Divided Party Government – _____________ government – When one party controls the White House and the other party controls one or both houses of Congress. – Both houses of Congress and the presidency have been controlled by the same party for just ____ of the _______ years from 1969 to LO 8.5 To Learning Objectives

Party Eras in American History 1968–Present: Southern Realignment and the Era of Divided Party Government – Party __________ – The gradual disengagement of people from the parties, as seen in part by shrinking party identification. LO 8.5 To Learning Objectives

Third Parties: Their Impact on American Politics LO 8.6: Assess both the impact of third parties on American politics and their limitations. Third Parties – _________________ contenders other than the two major parties. Three Basic Varieties – Promote certain causes. – ________________ parties – Extension of popular individual with presidential aspirations. To Learning Objectives Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

Third Parties: Their Impact on American Politics Third Parties Are Important – Bring new groups into the electorate. – Serve as “safety valves” for popular ______________. – Put many social reforms on the political __________________. – Bring new issues to the campaign ignored by the major parties. LO 8.6 To Learning Objectives

Understanding Political Parties Democracy and Responsible Party Government: How Should We Govern? – __________________ party model – A view about how parties should work. – Party should offer ____________ ____________ to the voters, who can then use those choices as cues to their own preferences of candidates. – Party in government should carry out their campaign promises. LO 8.7 To Learning Objectives

Understanding Political Parties Democracy and Responsible Party Government: How Should We Govern? (cont.) – ___________ __________ Democrats – Fiscally conservative Democrats who are mostly from the South and rural parts of the United States, and are resistant to any domestic policy proposals that would enlarge the scope of government. LO 8.7 To Learning Objectives

Understanding Political Parties American Political Parties and the Scope of Government – Lack of uniformity keeps government small, but also makes cutting government programs difficult. – Individual politicians focus on getting more from government for their own __________________. LO 8.7 To Learning Objectives