Side B Characters identified; The Dioskouri – Twin brothers Castor and Polydueces, Queen Leda of Sparta and King Tynadareus with a Slave boy. Castor is behind horse being offered a gift from his mother Polydueces is on far left being greeted by the family dog Queen Leda is wearing a flat, unfolded peplos welcoming her sons with a gift (flower) King Tynadareus is on far right extendng arm to pat horse, showing a welcoming gesture. Slave Boy is holding a stool upon his head that carries clothing for the twins.

MYTH SHOWN IN SIDE B ● Exekias portrays the story of the Dioskouri or the heavenly twins (Castor and Polydueces) returning home to their parents Queen Leda and King Tynadreus of Sparta.

Narrative Technique (what helps to tell the story) ● Hand Gestures ● Queen Leda has her hand extended out to Castor, shows her welcoming gesture. ● King Tynadareus also is shown to pat the horse in response to his sons returnng home. ● Emphasing the shape of vase ● Polyduces and King Tynadareus on both ends of side b are shown leaning inwards, which emphasises on shape of the vase. ● Vertical Symmetry ● Although the horse is the domnant feature of side b, there symmetry in other figures of vase according to size, position and height. ● Polyduces and King Tynadreus are facing inwards, bending/leaning in. ● Slave Boy and Dog are around same height and size in paintng, both facing to the left. ● Queen Leda and Castor are seen both in the middle of the painting and painted around the same height/size.

BORDERS ● Type of Border seen on similar belly amphora is a Double Lotus and Palmette Chains Border. ● Where is the border found? ● Found above pictures/paintings ● Found around the lower neck and upper shoulder of the belly amphora.

Painting Style ● Black Figure painting was used ● Red Ochre was added to panel. ● Definition: An earth pigment containing iron/ferric oxide. ● When heated the minerals added turns vase into a 'red-brownish' colour as the heat strips away the water molecules in the clay

Why was using Red Ochre a Problem? CLASS QUESTION ● Did Exekias think it was too hard to work and paint vase? ● Was there difficulty in getting the right colour? ● Overtime would the paint of the added colour fade?

PAINTING STYLE (QUESTION SIX) Give examples to the techniques: Silhoutte – outline of peplos is very flat (no sign of drappery), however exekias shows curvage around the bottom Incised Detail – Detail shown on peplos, drawn to small scale, however Exekias clearly portrays detail on peplos are spiral squares Added Colour – Purple and white slip is added to make it more deocrative upon the only female figure on this vase

OVERLAPPING USAGE ● Castor & Horse (Middle Plane) ● Castor walking along side horse ● Polydueces & Family Dog (Left plane) ● Polydueces playing with the dog or being greeted by dog ● King Tyndareus & Horse (Right Plane) ● King Tyndareus patting the muzzle of the horse ● Queen Leda & Dog (Left Plane) ● Both greeting/welco ming twin brothers

STLYE ● What is the woman wearing? ● Peplos ● Comparison to Lydos? ● More detail emphaised in peplos. Even though both garments are flat, Exekias clearly portrays square-like circles and added colour to make dress more feminine ● Realistic Examples of Warrior: ● Hair and beard of Achilles – very thin lines give the effect that it is hair-like ● Postioning of Achilles- Seated in a way a person would sit playing a board game (leaning forward, knees bent) ● Detail in Armoury – being a great warrior it is likely that his armour would be covered in detail. Probably to show his strength, power, heroism?

COMPARISONS ● Examples of Not yet depicting fully realistice figures? ● Eyes not made to be seen from side on ● Twist in body movement ● Exekias depiction of the human figure compared to Lydos? ● More detail to muscle structure eg Castor's calf muscles ● Emphasis in putting more detail on figures not on background eg Achilles' ornament cloak

Composition on Side B Side B clearly uses overlapping to create three separate planes. Which figures are on each plane and how are the figures within each plane connected ? Polydeuces playing with his dog Tyndareus patting the muzzle of the horse Leda offering a flower to Castor