Introduction to Chemistry Chapters 1 & 2

Unit 1 Laboratory Management: pg in textbook Experiments are designed for students to learn chemistry by doing chemistry.

Each experiment provides the opportunity to interact with matter, make observations, and interpret what is seen. In the laboratory safety is the responsibility of the STUDENT The ONLY acceptable safety goal is 100%

Rules are essential for keeping you safe in the laboratory General guidelines 1. Conduct yourself in a responsible manner at all times in the laboratory

2. Follow all written and verbal instructions carefully. If you do not understand a direction or part of a procedure, ASK YOUR TEACHER BEFORE PROCEEDING WITH THE ACTIVITY 3. Do not eat food, drink beverages, or chew gum in the laboratory.

4. Never fool around in the laboratory. Horseplay, practical jokes, and pranks are dangerous and prohibited. 5. Keep hands away from face, eyes, mouth, and body while using chemicals or lab equipment. Wash your hands with soap and water after performing all experiments.

6. Dispose of all chemical waste properly. Never mix chemicals in sink drains. Sinks are to be used only for water. Check with your teacher for disposal of chemicals and solutions 7. Know the locations and operating procedures of all safety equipment including: first aid kit(s), and fire extinguisher. Know where the fire alarm and the exits are located.

CLOTHING 1.Any time chemicals, heat, or glassware are used, students will wear safety goggles. NO EXCEPTIONS TO THIS RULE! 2. Dress properly during a laboratory activity. Long hair, dangling jewelry, and loose or baggy clothing are a hazard in the laboratory. Long hair must be tied back, and dangling jewelry and baggy clothing must be secured. Shoes must completely cover the foot. No sandals allowed on lab days.

ACCIDENTS AND INJURIES 1. If a chemical should splash in your eye(s) or on your skin, immediately flush with running water for at least 20 minutes. Immediately (and loudly) yell out the teacher's name to get the teacher's attention 2. Report any accident (spill, breakage, etc.) or injury (cut, burn, etc.) to the teacher immediately, no matter how trivial it seems. Do not panic

3. Do not taste, or smell any chemicals 4. Check the label on all chemical bottles twice before removing any of the contents. Take only as much chemical as you need.

Handling Glassware and Equipment & Heating Substances : 1. Never handle broken glass with your bare hands. Use a brush and dustpan to clean up broken glass. Place broken glass in the designated glass disposal container. 2. Examine glassware before each use. Never use chipped, cracked, or dirty glassware

3. If you do not understand how to use a piece of equipment, ASK THE TEACHER FOR HELP! 4. Never look into a container that is being heated.

5. Do not operate a hot plate by yourself. Take care that hair, clothing, and hands are a safe distance from the hot plate at all times. Use of hot plate is only allowed in the presence of the teacher. 6. Heated glassware remains very hot for a long time. They should be set aside in a designated place to cool, and picked up with caution. Use tongs or heat protective gloves if necessary

a)Fire Extinguisher b)safety blanket c)Eye wash d)safety shower e)fume hood

Why is it important to know where to find the safety equipment in the lab?

Use of Instrumentation: Measuring volume: Graduated cylinder Pipette Buret Measuring Temperature: Thermometer Measuring mass: -Triple beam balance

Holding glassware or apparatus: test tube holder tongs test tube rack Heating or mixing substances Beaker Test tube Erlenmeyer flask

Scientific Method – one logical systematic approach to solving problems

Step to the Scientific Method 1.Observation – use senses 2.Hypothesis – educated guess or proposal explanation for what is observed 3.Experiment – running tests to see if hypothesis is true 4.Conclusion – report the results of your experiment

Theory – a broad and extensively tested explanation of why experiments give certain results Scientific Law – a concise statement that summaries the result of many observations and experiments.

Chemistry→ study of the composition of matter - The stuff things are made of - The changes that matter undergoes

Why Study Chemistry? Everything in the world involves chemistry in one way or the other You are made from chemicals & you use chemicals **What activities do you do during the day that involves chemical processes or chemical products?

**What environmental problems involve chemistry? Ozone, global warming, pollution Knowledge of the basics of chemistry and other sciences can help you arrive at informed opinions and take appropriate actions on these questions.