The Northern Renaissance
Northern Renaissance Growing wealth in Northern Europe supported Renaissance ideas. Northern Renaissance thinkers merged humanist ideas with Christianity. Christian Humanism – Emphasizes the value of the individual to improve self and society but emphasizes a need for faith and study of God in that process The movable type printing press and the production and sale of books (Gutenberg Bible) helped disseminate ideas. Northern Renaissance writers Erasmus—The Praise of Folly (1511) Sir Thomas More—Utopia (1516) Northern Renaissance artists portrayed religious and secular subjects.
Jan Van Eyck Portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini and his Wife (1434) Northern Renaissance
Van Eyck Portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini and his Wife (detail)
Albrect Durer Study of a Hare The Knight, Death, and the Devil Self Portrait
Literature flourished during the Renaissance This can be greatly attributed to Johannes Gutenberg In 1455 Gutenberg printed the first book produced by using moveable type. The Bible
Erasmus Dutch humanist Desiderius Erasmus Pushed for a Vernacular form of the Bible “I disagree very much with those who are unwilling that Holy Scripture, translated into the vernacular, be read by the uneducated... As if the strength of the Christian religion consisted in the ignorance of it” The Praise of Folly Used humor to show the immoral and ignorant behavior of people, including the clergy. He felt people would be open minded and be kind to others.
Sir Thomas More English Humanist Wrote: Utopia A book about a perfect society in which men and women live in harmony. No private property, no one is lazy, all people are educated and the justice system is used to end crime instead of executing criminals. Utopia in Greek = “no place”
William ShakesPeare In all of his work - the plays, the sonnets and the narrative poems - Shakespeare uses 17,677 words: Of those, 1,700 were first used by Shakespeare. This list of words that we use in our daily speech were all brought into usage by Shakespeare. Accommodation aerial amazement apostrophe assassination auspicious baseless bloody bump castigate changeful clangor control (noun) countless courtship critic critical dexterously dishearten dislocate dwindle eventful Exposure fitful frugal generous gloomy Gnarled hurry impartial inauspicious indistinguishable invulnerable lapse laughable lonely majestic Misplaced monumental multitudinous Obscene palmy perusal pious premeditated Radiance reliance Sanctimonious seamy Sportive submerge suspicious
Shakespeare also put common words together to make up new phrases barefaced fancy-free catch a cold disgraceful conduct elbowroom fair play green eyed monster heartsick hot-blooded housekeeping lackluster leapfrog long-haired pitched battle clothes make the man method in his madness to thine own self be true towering passion ministering angel dog will have his day frailty, thy name is woman neither a borrower nor a lender be brevity is the soul of wit mind's eye primrose path flaming youth it smells to heaven the lady doth protest too much witching time of the night it's Greek to me live long day breathe one's last heart of gold give the devil his due too much of a good thing naked truth foregone conclusion break the ice strange bedfellows wear one's heart on one's sleeve all that glitters isn't gold eat out of house and home be all and end all more sinned against than sinning one fell swoop the milk of human kindness the course of true love never did run smooth
Overall Impact Prior to Shakespeare the English language was considered vulgar Kings and Queens of England spoke FRENCH! Shakespeare raises the English language to an art form English Vernacular writing is more acceptable for entertainment and instruction
Purgatory "a state of final purification after death and before entrance into heaven for those who died in God's friendship, but were only imperfectly purified; a final cleansing of human imperfection before one is able to enter the joy of heaven." (Catechism of the Catholic Church [CCC] Page 896).