True or False 1.The Psychoanalytic approach to personality believes that people are always aware of what they are doing and why they are doing it. 2.Abraham.

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Presentation transcript:

True or False 1.The Psychoanalytic approach to personality believes that people are always aware of what they are doing and why they are doing it. 2.Abraham Maslow was a Humanist psychologist that identified the two-selves: the True Self & the Ideal Self. 3.Psychoanalytic psychologists believe that your personality is formed in your first 5 years of life.

True or False 4.Humanists believe that every person has free will & control over their decisions. 5.Congruence occurs when your unconscious & conscious minds become the same 6.According to the hierarchy of needs, basic aspects of life need to be met before a person can truly become goal-oriented.

Trait Theory Trait: aspect of personality that is considered stable over time – Account for consistent behavior in different situations Trait Approach is focused on differences between people But where do traits come from??

Trait Theorists Gordon Allport: cataloged ~18,000 human traits by going through a list of adjectives Physical, behavioral, and moral traits – Believed traits are inherited & fixed within the nervous system Three Types of Traits – Cardinal Traits: shapes personality – Central Traits: general traits found in every person – Secondary Traits: traits seen only in certain circumstances

Trait Theorists Raymond Cattell: narrowed down Allport’s thousands of traits to just 16. Believed these 16 traits to be the source of all human personality Warmth Reasoning Emotional stability Dominance Liveliness Rule-consciousness Social boldness Sensitivity Vigilance Abstractedness Privateness Apprehension Openness to change Self-reliance Perfectionism Tension

Trait Theorists Hans J Eysenck: focused on relationships between 2 personality dimensions: – Introversion – Extroversion Introverts: imaginative; look inward for ideas/energy Extroverts: expressive; look to others for energy – Emotional stability – Instability Stability: reliable, rational Instability: unpredictable, easily agitated – Described personality based on where traits fit within the dimensions

Strengths & Weaknesses Strengths Helps describe our personalities Objective & Measurable through personality tests Practical application (Job- Hiring) Weaknesses Does not explain HOW we got our personalities Does not account for changes in personality over time/in different scenarios Does not help people fix unwanted personality traits