Progressive Presidents Chapter 21, Section 3 Pgs

Trustbuster Someone who breaks up trusts Someone who breaks up trusts

Arbitration Settling a dispute by agreeing to accept the decision of an impartial outsider. Settling a dispute by agreeing to accept the decision of an impartial outsider.

Square Deal Fair and equal treatment for all Fair and equal treatment for all This was Roosevelt’s 1904 campaign promise. This was Roosevelt’s 1904 campaign promise.

Laissez-faire French term meaning “let people do as they choose.” French term meaning “let people do as they choose.”

Conservation The protection and preservation of natural resources. The protection and preservation of natural resources.

1900 Presidential Election President McKinley won the 1900 election with Theodore Roosevelt as his Vice- President. President McKinley won the 1900 election with Theodore Roosevelt as his Vice- President. Less than a year after the election, McKinley was assassinated. Less than a year after the election, McKinley was assassinated. 42 year-old Theodore Roosevelt became the nation’s youngest president and moved into the White House in year-old Theodore Roosevelt became the nation’s youngest president and moved into the White House in 1901.

The “Trustbuster” President Roosevelt supported business regulation. President Roosevelt supported business regulation. He ordered the Justice Department to take legal action against certain trusts that had violated the Sherman Antitrust Act. He ordered the Justice Department to take legal action against certain trusts that had violated the Sherman Antitrust Act. Roosevelt obtained a total of 25 indictments against trusts in the beef, oil, and tobacco industries. Roosevelt obtained a total of 25 indictments against trusts in the beef, oil, and tobacco industries.

1902 Coal Strike The United Mine Workers went on strike. The United Mine Workers went on strike. The mine owners refused to negotiate with the workers. The mine owners refused to negotiate with the workers. The strike lasted for months and winter was approaching with coal supplies dwindling. The strike lasted for months and winter was approaching with coal supplies dwindling. Roosevelt invited representatives of the owners and miners to a meeting at the White House. Roosevelt invited representatives of the owners and miners to a meeting at the White House. When the owners refused to negotiate, he threatened to send federal troops to work the mines. When the owners refused to negotiate, he threatened to send federal troops to work the mines. The owners agreed to arbitration – accepting the decision of an impartial outsider. The owners agreed to arbitration – accepting the decision of an impartial outsider. Mine workers won a pay increase and reduction in hours. Mine workers won a pay increase and reduction in hours.

"United Mine Workers of America. Anthracite Coal Strike of After a Mass Meeting." Scranton, Pennsylvania. 1902

Roosevelt’s Attitude Roosevelt called for a considerable amount of government regulation of business. Roosevelt called for a considerable amount of government regulation of business. Past presidents had taken the attitude that businesses should do as they choose. Past presidents had taken the attitude that businesses should do as they choose. Roosevelt supported the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act. Roosevelt supported the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act.

Roosevelt the Environmentalist Roosevelt became known as the environmental president because he took steps to conserve the country’s forests, mineral deposits, and water resources. Roosevelt became known as the environmental president because he took steps to conserve the country’s forests, mineral deposits, and water resources. He proposed the U.S. Forest Service and set aside millions of acres of national forests. He proposed the U.S. Forest Service and set aside millions of acres of national forests. He created the first wildlife sanctuaries He created the first wildlife sanctuaries Formed the National Conservation Commission Formed the National Conservation Commission

William Howard Taft Roosevelt decided not to run for reelection because no president before him had ever run for three terms in office. Roosevelt decided not to run for reelection because no president before him had ever run for three terms in office. He chose Taft to run in his place. He chose Taft to run in his place. Taft easily defeated his Democratic opponent in the 1908 election. Taft easily defeated his Democratic opponent in the 1908 election.

Sixteenth Amendment The 16 th Amendment gave Congress the power to tax people’s incomes to generate revenue for the federal government. The 16 th Amendment gave Congress the power to tax people’s incomes to generate revenue for the federal government. INCOME TAX INCOME TAX

Taft Disappoints Despite his progressive reforms, President Taft failed Progressives in two ways: Despite his progressive reforms, President Taft failed Progressives in two ways: Did not fight for a lower tariff Did not fight for a lower tariff Modified some conservation policies so that they favored big business. Modified some conservation policies so that they favored big business.

The Progressive Party Roosevelt was disappointed in Taft and wanted to run on the Republican ticket in the 1912 election. The Republican party chose Taft. Roosevelt was disappointed in Taft and wanted to run on the Republican ticket in the 1912 election. The Republican party chose Taft. Roosevelt formed his own party, the Progressive Party. Roosevelt formed his own party, the Progressive Party. The party was nicknamed the Bull Moose Party because Roosevelt told a reporter when asked about his health, “I feel as strong as a bull moose!” The party was nicknamed the Bull Moose Party because Roosevelt told a reporter when asked about his health, “I feel as strong as a bull moose!”

Woodrow Wilson Roosevelt’s Progressive Party split the Republican vote and hurt both Taft and himself. Roosevelt’s Progressive Party split the Republican vote and hurt both Taft and himself. Democrat Woodrow Wilson was able to defeat the two in the 1912 election. Democrat Woodrow Wilson was able to defeat the two in the 1912 election.

Federal Reserve Act The Federal Reserve Act was passed in 1913 and regulated banking. It created regional banks supervised by a central board in Washington, D.C. The Federal Reserve Act was passed in 1913 and regulated banking. It created regional banks supervised by a central board in Washington, D.C.

Federal Trade Commission The Federal Trade Commission was established to investigate corporations for unfair practices. The Federal Trade Commission was established to investigate corporations for unfair practices.