European Innovation Partnership on Raw Materials Claire Claessen, January 2013

9.5 billion people expected to live on the planet by billion more middle-class consumers forecast in the global economy by 2030

Endangered Elements As much gold in 1 tonne of computer scrap as in 17 tonnes of gold ore Concentration of platinum in the dust on the streets of Birmingham is higher than in the ore it came from More copper above the ground in use that left in viable supplies Rh mining generates 30,000 kgCO 2 per kg Chuquicamata mine, Chile

Newman iron ore mine, Pilbara, Australia – Google Earth

Concentration of critical minerals EU Raw Materials Initiative, June 2010

Secondary Metals

Elements in a Mobile Phone Roughly 40 different elements H, Li, Be, C, N, O, F, Al, Si, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Br, Sr, Y, Zr, Ru, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Ba, Ta, W, Pt, Au, Hg, Pb, Bi, Nd. mobile phone weighing 100 grams, contains 13.7 g of copper g of silver g of gold g of palladium Source: Basel Convention, 2006; Lindholm (Nokia report), 2003

EU Critical Raw Materials EU Raw Materials Initiative, June 2010

EU Critical Raw Materials Critical Raw Materials at EU level Antimony Beryllium Cobalt Fluorspar Gallium Germanium Graphite Indium Magnesium Niobium Platinum Group Metals (Pt, Pd, Ir, Rh, Ru, Os) Rare Earths (Y, Sc, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu) Tantalum Tungsten EU Raw Materials Initiative, June 2010

Background EU “Raw Materials Initiative” Aim: securing sustainable supplies of raw materials Launched in 2008, consolidated in 2011 Non-energy, non-agricultural raw materials Connecting EU external and internal policies Integrated strategy (3 pillars)

EIP Objectives Contribute to the 2020 objectives of the EU Industrial Policy (to increase the share of industry in GDP to 20%), the Innovation Union and the Resource Efficiency 'flagships' Specific objectives: Reduce import dependency Improve supply conditions from European and other sources Push Europe to the forefront in raw materials sectors Provide alternatives in supply Mitigate negative environmental and social impacts

EIP targets 2020 Up to 10 innovative pilot actions e.g. demonstration pilot plants for exploration, mining, processing, collecting and recycling Substitutes for at least 3 applications of critical raw materials Regulatory framework for primary raw materials Regulatory framework for secondary raw materials Raw materials knowledge base with raw materials flows and trends Raw materials network of Research, Education and Training Centres Pro-active international cooperation strategy of EU at bilateral and multilateral level

Approach Developing a Strategic Implementation Plan Technology-focused areas Exploration, extraction, processing, recycling … Substitution, alternative functionalities and materials Non-technology policy areas Improving Europe's raw materials framework conditions, knowledge base and infrastructure Improving Europe's recycling framework conditions and excellence International cooperation Promoting international cooperation

Approach Call for Commitments – launched on 31 October (closing on 31 January 2014) – next calls in 2015, 2017 and

Raw Materials in

Raw Materials in Challenge 5 "Growing a low carbon, resource efficient economy with a sustainable supply of raw materials" – New solutions for sustainable production of raw materials – Innovative and sustainable solutions leading to substitution of raw materials – Coordinating and supporting raw materials research and innovation "Waste: A resource to recycle, reuse and recover raw materials" – Recycling of raw materials from products and buildings – Towards near-zero waste at European and global level - Secondary raw materials inventory

Raw Materials in Industrial Leadership " Nanotechnologies, Advanced Materials and Production" – Novel materials by design for substituting critical elements " SPIRE: Sustainable Process Industries" – Recovery Technologies for Metals and other Minerals

SME Specific Opportunities SME Instrument – Boosting the potential of small businesses for Eco- Innovation and a sustainable supply of raw materials Eurostars – Bottom-up scheme supporting R&D intensive SMEs

Network of Networks Material Security Special Interest Group ERECON: European Rare Earth Competency Network