Darwin: Natural Selection, & Evolution Chapter 13

Charles Darwin Born in England in the 1800’s ◦ Rich family Went to college ◦ Studied the bible Sailed around the world studying life ◦ Pictures, fossils, samples Wrote the book: The Origin of Species Father of Evolution by Natural Selection

Darwin’s Journey Darwin was fascinated by life ◦ He wanted to learn about all different kinds He sailed around the world in the mid 1800’s aboard the H.M.S. Beagle

Darwin Video: ◦ rU rU

The Galapagos Islands It was in the Galapagos Islands that Darwin made his most famous observations

The Galapagos Islands Pinta Island Intermediate shell Pinta Isabela Island Dome-shaped shell Hood Island Saddle-backed shell Hood Floreana Santa Fe Santa Cruz James Marchena Fernandina Isabela Tower Section 15-1

Darwin’s Finches Darwin gathered many finches from all the Galapagos Islands He noticed that each finch from each island was slightly different They have a beak best suited to eat the food available on their island

Darwin’s Finches

Artificial Selection (Selective Breeding) Darwin modeled natural selection after artificial selection: ◦ Humans choose which traits they like and use selective breeding to manipulate the traits

Evolution by Natural Selection 1. Individual organisms differ, and some of this variation is heritable. 2. Organisms produce more offspring than can survive. 3. Because more organisms are produced than can survive, organisms compete for limited resources.

Evolution by Natural Selection 4. Individuals best adapted to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully. These organisms pass their heritable traits to their offspring. 5. Species alive today are descended with modification from species that lived in the distant past.