Design Study High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) Collaborative Project FP7-INFRASTRUCTURE-2010 By Lucio Rossi – CERN 1st CERN 20 July

LHC and EU Particle Physics Lisbona 2006 The European strategy for particle physics … Scientific activities 3. The LHC will be the energy frontier machine for the foreseeable future, maintaining European leadership in the field; the highest priority is to fully exploit the physics potential of the LHC, resources for completion of the initial programme have to be secured such that machine and experiments can operate optimally at their design performance. A subsequent major luminosity upgrade (SLHC), motivated by physics results and operation experience, will be enabled by focussed R&D; to this end, R&D for machine and detectors has to be vigorously pursued now and centrally organized towards a luminosity upgrade by around y of delay in LHC and detector commissioning 2 y for the incident and for next splice consolidation 2 y more of operation to reach ~500 fb -1 (Int. Lumi per year ~ 50 fb-1, not 100 !) Statement is perfectly actual and valid However the date must be shifted 5 years 20 July 20102L. Rossi - HL-LHC Design Study

The baseline in Radiation damage limit ~700 fb -1 Paper of J. Strait et al. PAC2003 Need of change in Main hardware: HF Quadrupole magnets for T New program (in // to LHC construction) US-LARP in US in 2003 (6 MCHF/y ) – based on a Nb 3 Sn DOE program FP6-CARE : NED JRA to develop EU Nb3Sn in Its positive effects NOW! FP7 EuCard IA: WP on HFM In 2007 new – anticipated – scenario : Nb 3 Sn not ready before Decision to target a first upgrade in  Phase 1 based on Nb-Ti Ø=120 mm  FP7 SLHC-PP launched for July 20103L. Rossi - HL-LHC Design Study

Updated LHC lumi vs. (end of) year Courtesy of M. Lamont, spring July 20104L. Rossi - HL-LHC Design Study

MTP “Observations from the DG” Thus, the MTP assumes the feasibility of the energy upgrade of the PS Booster and does not include the start of the LP-SPL and PS2 construction as of 2013 In order to optimize the strategy towards the HL-LHC, with the goal of maximizing the integrated luminosity useful for physics, Management has set up a task force. A preliminary recommendation from this task force is to delay the inner triplet replacement to a single HL-LHC upgrade around Now at CERN a project has been set lead by Lucio Rossi (Oliver Bruning, deputy). 20 July 20105L. Rossi - HL-LHC Design Study

What needs for average lumi 5x10 34 New lay-out of some part of LHC Improve some correctors – A the lattice sextupoles – New MQT corrector scheme using existing spare 600 A bus bars Re-commissioning DS quads at higher gradient Review MSs – Change of New Q5/Q4 (larger aperture), with new stronger corrector orbit, displacements of few magnets – Larger aperture D2 (may be other actions, more quads in points 6 and 7) Displacement of Power Converters & DFBs at least of Inner Triplets but also of OTHER equipment on surface by means of SC links. Cryo-plant for RF in point 4 : K 20 July 2010L. Rossi - HL-LHC Design Study6

The main ingredient of the upgrade IR Quads High Gradient/Large Aperture Quads, with B peak T. Higher field quadrupoles translate in higher gradient/shorter length or larger aperture/same length or a mix. US-LARP engaged to produce proof by Construction is 1 year more than Nb-Ti : by 2018 is a prudent assumption.   as small as 22 cm are possible with a factor  2.5 in luminosity by itself, if coupled with a mechanism to compensate the geometrical reduction. If a new way of correcting chromatic aberration could be found,   as small as cm can be eventually envisaged. 20 July 2010L. Rossi - HL-LHC Design Study7

HF Nb 3 Sn Quad Nb 3 Sn is becoming a reality (first LQ long -3.6 m – quad 90 mm) This year we expect a second LQ and a 1 m long mm aperture model In 3 years: 4-6 m long magnets, 120 mm ap., G= T/m 20 July 2010L. Rossi - HL-LHC Design Study8 4.5 K~3 K1.9 K Note: LQS01 & TQS02 use same strand design (RRP 54/61) 200 T/m

Crab Cavities: this is the best candidate for exploiting small   (for   around nominal only +15%). However it should be underlined that today Crab Cavities are not validated for LHC, not even conceptually: the issue of machine protection should be addressed with priority. Global Scheme. 1 cavity in IP4, Proof on LHC, good for 1 X-ing. Semi-global; it may work!(JP Koutchouck) Local scheme; 1 cavity per IP side. Maybe local doglegs needed. – Early Separation Scheme could be an alternative (or a complement) Both scheme, Crab Cavities and ESS provide a simple mean to do levelling The main ingredient of the upgrade RF Crab cavities 20 July 20109L. Rossi - HL-LHC Design Study

Crab Cavities 20 July 2010L. Rossi - HL-LHC Design Study10 cc Elliptical 800 MHz not far from being designed. Require 400 mm beam-beam 400 MHz small cavity under conceptual study, they can (?) fit in 194 mm beam- beam. Required for final solution Ref. : F. Zimmermann, Ed Ciapala

New Cryoplants in IP1 & IP5: for power AND to make independent Arc- IR: K scales as K (for 1 set of cold compressor) Special dedicated collimation system (also for background) and Machine protection Robotics for remote manipulation – Dismantling present Triplet – Installation HL-LHC – Maintenance – Dismounting HL-LHC ??? Making the system capable to swallow 2-4 kW per IP 20 July L. Rossi - HL-LHC Design Study

It is new entire project  we need a Design Study The work od SLHC-PP has been essential to arrive to thsi pointz and most of it will be used Scope of the HL-LHC DS: Carry out the study to produce a consistent design to reach with levelling, allow LHC to reach the goal of 3000 fb -1 by around 2030(s). – Exploring in details all solutions and paths for the upgrade, both in terms of LHC operational mode and hardware changes – Producing by end 2013 a PDR (Preliminary Design Report) enabling the CERN Management (and may be Council), to make a choice about the configuration of LHC upgrade. – Producing by end of 2014/half 2015 a TDR (Technical Design Report) of the selected path for the upgrade defining the maximum goal for the LHC luminosity 20 July L. Rossi - HL-LHC Design Study

New CERN plan Already in: new Cryo P4 CC in P4 – possibly 11 T dipole for DS in July 2010L. Rossi - HL-LHC Design Study13 HL-LHC is well anchored in the program of CERN. However the prgram may suffer from reduction of budget, shift in the LHC schedule… But it may be required to compensate SHORTFALL in LHC…

Resources 10 M€ total cost over 4 years: July Reimbursment by EU – Up to 40% may be reimbursed by EU CERN offers by free the technical development, but will be reimbursed 100% for management. Exception for fellow? We need to use EuCard (and other program) – Most of resources on personnel – Some hardware, especially for orphan items Generate positive attitude in other labs: – KEK has put (with no engagments 10 MCHF + 50 MCHF for HL-LHC-Magnets R&D and construction…) – US-LARP Magnets R&D is perhaps getting reinforced … – Non EU labs can participate to governance (but no EU funds) The names herein are CERN coordinators: each of it will be joined by a non-CERN coordinator. Except project Coordinator, the co-ordinator ijn charge for two years, nominate by the governing board. 20 July L. Rossi - HL-LHC Design Study

WP 1 – Management Lucio Rossi Main tasks – General management of the DS and link with other similar entities outside EU – Milestones and review plan (reviewing as methodology of working) – General plan and coherence of the parameters – Risk Analysis and mitigation plans – Coordination with the LHC machines performance and planning – LHC INJ requirements – Coordination with Physics requirement – Link to outside partner – Synergy with HE-LHC design feature – Outreach and dissemination – Radioprotection & Legal – Enviroment impact Participant: CERN +… 20 July L. Rossi - HL-LHC Design Study

WP list (with CERN co-coordinators) WP2 Acc.Physics : Oliver Bruning WP3 -Magnet Design : Ezio Todesco WP4: Crab Cavity Design : Ed Ciapala/Erk Jensen WP5 – Collimation & Beam Losses : Ralph Assmann WP6 – Machine Protection: Jorg Wenninger WP7 -Machine-Experiment Interface : Austin Ball/Marzio Nessi 20 July L. Rossi - HL-LHC Design Study

Milestone 20 July : Meeting with our EU & US-J partners 10 August: second draft 8 September : 2 nd Meeting September : visit Brux.? 1 October: near to final draft 15 October last meeting with approval of docum. Deadline submission: 15 November Lucio + Oliver + JPK Lucio Lucio & Oliver + all Lucio & JPK Lucio & Oliver + all Lucio & Oliver Lucio & all!! 20 July L. Rossi - HL-LHC Design Study