Slide 1 of 50 Chemistry 19.2

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 2 of 50 Hydrogen Ions and Acidity To test a diagnosis of diabetic coma, a doctor orders several tests, including the acidity of the patient’s blood. Results from this test will be expressed in units of pH. You will learn how the pH scale is used to indicate the acidity of a solution and why the pH scale is used. 19.2

Slide 3 of 50 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall > Hydrogen Ions and Acidity Hydrogen Ions from Water The reaction in which water molecules produce ions is called the self-ionization of water. 19.2

Slide 4 of 50 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall > Hydrogen Ions and Acidity Hydrogen Ions from Water In the self-ionization of water, a proton (hydrogen ion) transfers from one water molecule to another water molecule. 19.2

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Hydrogen Ions and Acidity > Slide 5 of 50 Ion Product Constant for Water How are [H + ] and [OH - ] related in an aqueous solution? 19.2

Slide 6 of 50 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall > Hydrogen Ions and Acidity Ion Product Constant for Water For aqueous solutions, the product of the hydrogen-ion concentration and the hydroxide-ion concentration equals 1.0  Any aqueous solution in which [H + ] and [OH - ] are equal is described as a neutral solution. 19.2

Slide 7 of 50 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall > Hydrogen Ions and Acidity Ion Product Constant for Water The product of the concentrations of the hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions in water is called the ion-product constant for water (K w ). 19.2

Slide 8 of 50 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall > Hydrogen Ions and Acidity Ion Product Constant for Water An acidic solution is one in which [H + ] is greater than [OH - ]. 19.2

Slide 9 of 50 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall > Hydrogen Ions and Acidity Ion Product Constant for Water Unrefined hydrochloric acid, commonly called muriatic acid, is used to clean stone buildings and swimming pools. 19.2

Slide 10 of 50 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall > Hydrogen Ions and Acidity Ion Product Constant for Water A basic solution is one in which [H + ] is less than [OH  ]. Basic solutions are also known as alkaline solutions. 19.2

Slide 11 of 50 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall > Hydrogen Ions and Acidity Ion Product Constant for Water Sodium hydroxide, or lye, is commonly used as a drain cleaner. 19.2

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© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 16 of 50 Practice Problems for Sample Problem 19.1 Problem Solving Solve Problem 10 with the help of an interactive guided tutorial.

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Hydrogen Ions and Acidity > Slide 17 of 50 The pH Concept How is the hydrogen-ion concentration used to classify a solution as neutral, acidic, or basic? 19.2

Slide 18 of 50 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall > Hydrogen Ions and Acidity The pH Concept The pH of a solution is the negative logarithm of the hydrogen-ion concentration. 19.2

Slide 19 of 50 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall > Hydrogen Ions and Acidity The pH Concept Calculating pH 19.2

Slide 20 of 50 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall > Hydrogen Ions and Acidity The pH Concept A solution in which [H + ] is greater than 1  10 –7 M has a pH less than 7.0 and is acidic. The pH of pure water or a neutral aqueous solution is 7.0. A solution with a pH greater than 7 is basic and has a [H + ] of less than 1  10 –7 M. 19.2

Slide 21 of 50 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall > Hydrogen Ions and Acidity 19.2 The pH Concept

Slide 22 of 50 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall > Hydrogen Ions and Acidity The pH Concept 19.2

Slide 23 of 50 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall > Hydrogen Ions and Acidity The pH Concept Calculating pOH 19.2

Slide 24 of 50 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall > Hydrogen Ions and Acidity The pH Concept pH and Significant Figures 19.2

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© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 29 of 50 Practice Problems for Sample Problem 19.2 Problem Solving Solve Problem 12 with the help of an interactive guided tutorial.

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© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 34 of 50 Practice Problems for Sample Problem 19.3 Problem Solving Solve Problem 14 with the help of an interactive guided tutorial.

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Hydrogen Ions and Acidity > Slide 35 of 50 Measuring pH What is the most important characteristic of an acid-base indicator? 19.2

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Hydrogen Ions and Acidity > Slide 36 of 50 Measuring pH An indicator is a valuable tool for measuring pH because its acid form and base form have different colors in solution. 19.2

Slide 37 of 50 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall > Hydrogen Ions and Acidity Measuring pH Phenolphthalein changes from colorless to pink at pH 7–

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© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 42 of 50 Practice Problems for Sample Problem 19.4 Problem Solving Solve Problem 15 with the help of an interactive guided tutorial.

Slide 43 of 50 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall > Hydrogen Ions and Acidity Measuring pH Acid-Base Indicators 19.2

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Slide 45 of 50 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall > Hydrogen Ions and Acidity Measuring pH Universal Indicators 19.2

Slide 46 of 50 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall > Hydrogen Ions and Acidity Measuring pH pH Meters 19.2

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