Warm-up: Wednesday What landform is this? A B C D

Reminder! You will be having a vocab quiz on Friday that includes all of the following: Vocab from Monday (Water and Soil) Physical geography terms Extreme weather/ natural hazards

Review of landforms!

Continental Shelf—A shallow ocean area near the coast of a continent

Fjord—Narrow deep inlets of the sea set between high rocky cliffs Fjords in Norway

Glacier—A large body of ice that moves across the surface of the earth

Atoll—A ring-shaped coral island or ring of several islands linked by underwater coral reefs

Basins—Low areas of land, often surrounded by mountains River basin- a basin that is not bowl shaped and has a river running through it; one end of the basin must be low enough for the river to flow toward a larger body of water

Extreme Weather and Natural Hazards What are they and how are people affected by them?

Natural Hazards Natural hazards – events in the physical environment that can destroy human life and property.

Natural hazards risk map Natural Hazard Risk in the U.S.

Hurricanes Hurricane - a tropical cyclone with winds of 74 miles per hour or greater that occurs especially in the western Atlantic The barrier islands of Texas, Florida, and the Carolinas are particularly at risk of hurricane damage.

Flooding is the greatest danger posed by hurricanes. Hurricane Ike: September 2008

Typhoons Typhoons – term for hurricanes in the western Pacific Ocean Occur June – November Average 27 storms a year

Typhoons

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Tornadoes A violently rotating column of air extending from a thunderstorm to the ground. Found most frequently in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains during the spring and summer months raphic.com/video/101- videos/tornadoes-101

What is the difference between a Tornado WATCH and a Tornado WARNING? WATCH = weather conditions are favorable for tornadoes WARNING = a tornado has been spotted or detected by radar Tornadoes

There are about 500,000 earthquakes every year worldwide. People only feel a small fraction of those. Earthquakes happen when plates within the Earth suddenly shift or break under stress, sending shock waves rippling. Earthquakes

Seismic - Relating to an earthquake or to other tremors of the Earth, such as those caused by large explosions.

21 Japan is the most seismically active country in the world It is made up of 4 main islands and several thousand smaller islands which lie at the junction of three tectonic plates 10 Earthquakes: Japan

Earthquakes What technological innovations help Americans adapt to this hazard? – Special building techniques and materials

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Warm-up: Monsoons 1.What are monsoons? 2.Describe winters in India: 3.What direction do the monsoon winds blow during the winter? 4.Why is the temperature high during the winter? 5.Which direction do the summer monsoons come from? 6.What do the summer monsoons bring from June to September? 7.Why are the summer monsoons welcomed in India?

Tsunamis Tsunamis – large sea waves created by undersea tectonic activity Uu4 Uu4

2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami- One of the most devastating natural disasters of modern times Killed more than 225,000 people in 11 countries Caused by an earthquake Produced waves up to 100 feet high Took anywhere from fifteen minutes to seven hours (for Somalia) to reach the various coastlines. Tsunamis sunami-indonesia2004.mov youtube.co m/watch?v= j9JDzBTwii g&NR=1

Warning Signs On Maikhao beach in northern Thailand, a 10-year-old British tourist had studied tsunami in geography class at school and recognized the warning signs of the receding ocean and frothing bubbles. She and her parents warned others on the beach, which was evacuated safely. Experts say that “a receding ocean may give people as much as five minutes’ warning to escape to high ground” (National Geographic) Tsunamis

28 Warning Signs

29 Devastating effects 29

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Volcanoes About 1,900 volcanoes are active today or known to have been active in historical times. Almost 90% are in the Ring of Fire.

Volcanoes

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Drought Drought - A prolonged period of abnormally low precipitation; a shortage of water resulting from this.

Drought can lead to famine – widespread shortage of food Drought

Flooding Monsoon – wind system in which winds reverse direction and cause seasons of wet and dry weather Bangladesh - 20 to 60% floods every year

38 Landslides Occur frequently in hills and mountainous areas Caused by heavy rainfall and human activities such as deforestation, construction, and cultivation These factors have weakened the slopes news/article /Incredible-shots- devastation-caused- Washington-landslide-left- 14-dead-revealed- geologists-warned-dangers html news/article /Incredible-shots- devastation-caused- Washington-landslide-left- 14-dead-revealed- geologists-warned-dangers html

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40 Landslides

Warm-up: Write about an experience you have had with a natural hazard. How did you feel, did you have to prepare, what was it like? – Flood, earthquake, hurricane, tornado, etc.