Warm-Up #5 3/16/09 What is carrying capacity? How is it reached? What is carrying capacity? How is it reached? How many people the environment can hold, it is reached when resources run out/growth stops How many people the environment can hold, it is reached when resources run out/growth stops What are the three factors affecting growth? What are the three factors affecting growth? # Births, # Deaths, # immigration and emigration # Births, # Deaths, # immigration and emigration What is the difference between exponential and logistic growth? What is the difference between exponential and logistic growth? Exponential-Individuals reproduce at a constant rate/ Logistic- Growth slows and/or stops. Exponential-Individuals reproduce at a constant rate/ Logistic- Growth slows and/or stops.

Resources & Humans Unit 4 Chapter 6

Essential Question Why is it important for humans to be conservative with resources? Why is it important for humans to be conservative with resources?Objectives 1) Determine the affects humans have on the biosphere 2) Identify the difference between renewable and nonrenewable resources 3) Determine the affects humans have on resources

How humans affect the biosphere Hunting and gathering—changes the ecosystem Hunting and gathering—changes the ecosystem Agriculture—steady source of food Agriculture—steady source of food Industry—uses fossil fuels, releases pollution Industry—uses fossil fuels, releases pollution Urban development—taking over natural areas Urban development—taking over natural areas

Resources Renewable vs. Nonrenewable Renewable vs. Nonrenewable Renewable—regenerate or replenishable Renewable—regenerate or replenishable Ex: water, trees Ex: water, trees Nonrenewable—cannot be replenished Nonrenewable—cannot be replenished Ex: fossil fuels Ex: fossil fuels Sustainable development – How can we provide for our needs while maintaining the ecosystem? Sustainable development – How can we provide for our needs while maintaining the ecosystem? Careful use of natural resources (won’t deplete them) Careful use of natural resources (won’t deplete them) No long-term environmental harm No long-term environmental harm

Human Impact on Resources Human activities can affect the quality and supply of renewable resources Human activities can affect the quality and supply of renewable resources Land Land Forests Forests Fisheries Fisheries Air Air Fresh water Fresh water

Land Resources Provides: Provides: Space for communities Space for communities Raw materials for industry Raw materials for industry Soil for agriculture Soil for agriculture Problems: Problems: Soil erosion Soil erosion Desertification (loss of productivity) from overgrazing, farming Desertification (loss of productivity) from overgrazing, farming Desertification of Mediterranean shores

Forest Resources Provides: Provides: Wood and raw materials Wood and raw materials Gas exchange Gas exchange Problems: Problems: Deforestation—erosion Deforestation—erosion Loss of ecosystems Loss of ecosystems Deforestation in Bolivia

Fishery Resources Provides: Provides: Food Food Problems: Problems: Over fishing Over fishing

Air Resources Provides: Air to breathe Problems: Pollution Acid rain—nitric and sulfuric acids from industry combine with water in precipitation killing plants

Formation of Acid Rain Emissions to Atmosphere Nitrogen oxides Sulfur dioxide Chemical Transformation Nitric acid Sulfuric acid Precipitation Acid rain, fog, snow, and mist Dry Fallout Condensation particulates, gases IndustryTransportationOre smeltingPower generation

Freshwater Resources Provides: Provides: Water Water Problems: Problems: Pollution Pollution Increased demand Increased demand 97% is saltwater 97% is saltwater Only 3% of Earth’s water is freshwater, most of which is frozen Only 3% of Earth’s water is freshwater, most of which is frozen

Biodiversity Extremely valuable because of variety Extremely valuable because of variety Organisms have provided: Organisms have provided: Food Food Industrial products Industrial products Medicine (including painkillers, antibiotics, heart drugs, antidepressants, and anticancer drugs) Medicine (including painkillers, antibiotics, heart drugs, antidepressants, and anticancer drugs) Insects Bacteria Fungi Plants Protists Other Animals 54.4% 4.2% 18% 3.4% 0.3% 19.7%

Biodiversity When biodiversity is lost, potential sources that benefit the biosphere and humans is also lost. When biodiversity is lost, potential sources that benefit the biosphere and humans is also lost. Threatened by: Threatened by: Changing habitats Changing habitats Fragmentation— creates biological ‘islands’ like Central Park in the middle of NYC (very different than larger ecosystems) Fragmentation— creates biological ‘islands’ like Central Park in the middle of NYC (very different than larger ecosystems) Hunting species to extinction Hunting species to extinction Siberian tiger <200 in the wild Siberian tiger <200 in the wild Poisoning food webs Poisoning food webs DDT pesticide decimated bald eagles DDT pesticide decimated bald eagles Introducing foreign species that become invasive Introducing foreign species that become invasive Kudzu killing off native plants Kudzu killing off native plants Zebra mussel changing ecosystems Zebra mussel changing ecosystems

Aerial view of Central Park in NYC Aerial view of Central Park in NYC Changing Habitats (Fragmentation)

Poisoned Food Web

Hunting to Extinction

Biodiversity Hot spots Hot spots Areas around the world Areas around the world Identified by scientists as at risk for total loss of unique ecosystems Identified by scientists as at risk for total loss of unique ecosystems

Conservation Strategies for conservation Strategies for conservation Captive breeding programs Captive breeding programs Protecting ecosystems Protecting ecosystems Protecting ozone layer Protecting ozone layer Monitoring global warming Monitoring global warming