CRICOS Provider Code: 01505M RTO Number: 3045 VBP035 Perform Microbiological Procedures in the Food Industry DHS V
CRICOS Provider Code: 01505M RTO Number: 3045 Antibiotic sensitivity
CRICOS Provider Code: 01505M RTO Number: 3045 Bacterial classification Wall structure Gram + Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Clostridium, Bacillus Gram - Enteric, respiratory and others Acid-fast Mycobacterium Wall-less Mycoplasma Unusual Obligate intracellular Rickettsia, Chlamydia G+ G- AF WL IC Bacteria
CRICOS Provider Code: 01505M RTO Number: 3045 Bacterial classification Cell morphology Shapes Rod Cocci Spiral Associations Individual Diplo- Staphylo- Strepto- G+ G- AF WL IC Bacteria Rod CocciRod Cocci Spiral
CRICOS Provider Code: 01505M RTO Number: 3045 Classification & Diagnosis Type of colonies Appearance Color, shape, size and smoothness On differential media Blood, MacConkey, EMB On selective media MacConkey, EMB
CRICOS Provider Code: 01505M RTO Number: 3045 Classification & Diagnosis Metabolism Utilization of specific substrates Lactose (Sal/Shi/Yer/) - Citrate (E. coli-/Klebsiella + ) Production of certain end products Fermentation end products Acid (acetate, propionic acid, butyric acid etc.) Acetoin Alcohol Amine H 2 S
CRICOS Provider Code: 01505M RTO Number: 3045 Classification & Diagnosis Specialized tests Immunological O-, H- & K-Ag (serotype) Precipitation, agglutination Specialized enzymes Catalase--- Staph +. vs. Strep -. Coagulase---S. aureus + vs. S. epidermidis - Oxidase---Neisseria gonorrhoea + Urease---Proteus +, Helicobacter + Antibiogram pattern Phage typing Fatty acid profile
CRICOS Provider Code: 01505M RTO Number: 3045 Immunological detection
Conventional diagnosis methods
CRICOS Provider Code: 01505M RTO Number: 3045 Conventional method Depend on ability to culture Treponema pallidum Slow, esp. for fastidious species Mycobacterium spp. Not always definitive
CRICOS Provider Code: 01505M RTO Number: 3045 Molecular diagnosis Ribotyping Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) DNA hybridization PCR, RT-PCR and RAPD Nucleic acid sequence analysis Phage-GFP (TB)
CRICOS Provider Code: 01505M RTO Number: 3045 RFLP GGATCC CCTAGG
CRICOS Provider Code: 01505M RTO Number: 3045 DNA hybridization
CRICOS Provider Code: 01505M RTO Number: 3045 In situ Hybridization
Rate of increase 2 n PCRRT-PCR
CRICOS Provider Code: 01505M RTO Number: 3045 RAPD of P. aeruginosa
Molecular diagnosis Reduce reliance on culture Faster More sensitive More definitive More discriminating Techniques adaptable to all pathogens Technically demanding Relatively expensive Can be too sensitive Provides no information if results are negative
CRICOS Provider Code: 01505M RTO Number: 3045 Bioterrorism Pathogen detection Fast and accurate Mobile Inexpensive Source investigation
CRICOS Provider Code: 01505M RTO Number: 3045 Differentiating Staphylococci from Streptococci Gram stain and morphology Both Gram + Staphylococci: bunched cocci Streptococci: chained cocci (S. pneumoniae form diplococcus) Enzyme tests Staphylococci: catalase + Streptococci: catalase - Growth Staph.: large colonies (non-fastidious), some hemolytic Strep.: small colonies (fastidious), many hemolytic ( or )
CRICOS Provider Code: 01505M RTO Number: 3045 Staphylococci S. aureus: coagulase + S. epidermidis: coagulase -
CRICOS Provider Code: 01505M RTO Number: 3045 Streptococci
CRICOS Provider Code: 01505M RTO Number: 3045 Differentiating the Gram - bacteria Cocci Neisseria Rods Type of disease they cause Enteric Gram - rods API test Curved Vibrio, Campylobacter, Helicobacter Spiral Gram - organisms Spirochetes
Gram negative Straight rods Curved rods Lactose+ Lactose- Citrate+ Citrate-H 2 S+ H 2 S- Klebsiella E. coli Salmonella Shigella Campy blood agar 42 o C+ 25 o C- Campylobacter TCBS agar Yellow Oxidase+ Vibrio