Czech Technical University in Prague Faculty of Transportation Sciences Department of Transport Telematics Pavel Hrubeš Geographical Information Systems

Actuality  Lecture’s presentation  Entry files  Scientist papers for presentations   National holiday next week  Czech Office for Surveying, Mapping and Cadastre (COSMC)  The ZABAGED is part of the survey and cadastral information system of Czech Republic and provides geographic information covering the whole country in digital form. Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences Department of Transport Telematics

People around GIS Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences Department of Transport Telematics

GIS what it can do  Any GIS should be capable of six fundamental operations  Data Capturing  Data Storage  Data Query  Data Analysis & Modeling  Data Display  Data Outputting/ Printing Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences Department of Transport Telematics

GIS components  GIS users  Data sources  Workstations  Applications  Visualisation  Modeling  Capturing  Storage Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences Department of Transport Telematics

How it works Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences Department of Transport Telematics

Analog Map Vs Digital Map Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences Department of Transport Telematics

Data Capturing Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences Department of Transport Telematics  A GIS must provide a methods for entering geographics (coordinate) and tabular (attribute ) data.

Data Storage Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences Department of Transport Telematics  There are two basic models of data storage – vector and raster. A GIS should be able to store both types.

Data Query Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences Department of Transport Telematics  A GIS must provide tools for finding specific features based on their location or attributes.  Queries, which are often created as logical statements, are used to select features on the map and their records in the database.

Analyzing data Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences Department of Transport Telematics

Proximity analysis Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences Department of Transport Telematics

Overlay analysis Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences Department of Transport Telematics

Data Display Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences Department of Transport Telematics

Outputting Data Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences Department of Transport Telematics

GIS is not just pictures Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences Department of Transport Telematics

GIS & Related Mapping Technologies  A "true GIS" also includes the following characteristics:  a. A database management system (DBMS)  b. Analysis capability  c. Spatial geo-referencing  d. Graphics output  Related mapping software may have some but not all of these fields:  CAD: Computer Assisting Drawing, e.g. AutoCad, Microstation c, d  GDS: Graphic Design System, e.g. CorelDraw, Illustrator d  DBMS: Database Management System, e.g. Oracle, Sybase a  DIPS: Digital Image Processing System, e.g. PCI, Erdas b, c, d  GPS: Global Positioning Systems, e.g. Garmin, Trimble c  Each of these perform better than a GIS at their specialty, but only a GIS  has all four components: e.g. mapping software is better for map  production, image processing for working with satellite image data. Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences Department of Transport Telematics

Data Vs Informations  Data  Physical representation  Information  Meaning importing for solution of issues  Knowledge  Ability to use for solution Real world Knowledge Data Word or number Data + Information interpretation and generalization Information Class or type Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences Department of Transport Telematics

Modeling of real world phenomena  World is infinitely complex  To solve our issues we need a simple and reduced description  What could be in model?  Digital version of real objects ( houses, roads, forest)  Digital version of virtual objects ( country borders,section lines) Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences Department of Transport Telematics

Representation in computer  Computer is well developed to maintain discrete data but not continuous data  Some objects are discrete (houses, borders) – no problem  Some phenomena are continuous (temperature, elevation above sea- level) There is necessary to have the rules, how to sample data. Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences Department of Transport Telematics

Transformation to model  Sometimes there is very difficult Forest Non forest reality GIS representation Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences Department of Transport Telematics

Modeling of real world  Selection of objects or phenomena  Identification of objects  Definition of way of representation  Transformation rules  GIS data model  Recording of data into database Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences Department of Transport Telematics

GIS representations Point Line Polygon Rastr Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences Department of Transport Telematics

Creating object model  Coordinate  Geometry Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences Department of Transport Telematics

Creating Attribute data  Metainformation  Values Name: Bill Shop Address: 5 Market Place City:Kingston Owner:Ms J Shore Phone : Area:1300 sq m Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences Department of Transport Telematics

How to record geographic data? Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences Department of Transport Telematics

Physical representation< Czech Technical University in Prague - Faculty of Transportation Sciences Department of Transport Telematics