Date of download: 7/1/2016 Copyright © The American College of Cardiology. All rights reserved. From: 2011 ASA/ACCF/AHA/AANN/AANS/ACR/ASNR/CNS/SAIP/SCAI/SIR/SNIS/SVM/SVS Guideline on the Management of Patients With Extracranial Carotid and Vertebral Artery Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, and the American Stroke Association, American Association of Neuroscience Nurses, American Association of Neurological Surgeons, American College of Radiology, American Society of Neuroradiology, Congress of Neurological Surgeons, Society of Atherosclerosis Imaging and Prevention, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Interventional Radiology, Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery, Society for Vascular Medicine, and Society for Vascular Surgery Developed in Collaboration With the American Academy of Neurology and Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;57(8):e16-e94. doi: /j.jacc Aortic Arch Types Panel A. The most common aortic arch branching pattern found in humans has separate origins for the innominate, left common carotid, and left subclavian arteries. Panel B. The second most common pattern of human aortic arch branching has a common origin for the innominate and left common carotid arteries. This pattern has erroneously been referred to as a “bovine arch.” Panel C. In this variant of aortic arch branching, the left common carotid artery originates separately from the innominate artery. This pattern has also been erroneously referred to as a “bovine arch.” Panel D. The aortic arch branching pattern found in cattle has a single brachiocephalic trunk originating from the aortic arch that eventually splits into the bilateral subclavian arteries and a bicarotid trunk. a indicates artery. Figure Legend:

Date of download: 7/1/2016 Copyright © The American College of Cardiology. All rights reserved. From: 2011 ASA/ACCF/AHA/AANN/AANS/ACR/ASNR/CNS/SAIP/SCAI/SIR/SNIS/SVM/SVS Guideline on the Management of Patients With Extracranial Carotid and Vertebral Artery Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, and the American Stroke Association, American Association of Neuroscience Nurses, American Association of Neurological Surgeons, American College of Radiology, American Society of Neuroradiology, Congress of Neurological Surgeons, Society of Atherosclerosis Imaging and Prevention, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Interventional Radiology, Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery, Society for Vascular Medicine, and Society for Vascular Surgery Developed in Collaboration With the American Academy of Neurology and Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;57(8):e16-e94. doi: /j.jacc Peak Systolic Flow Velocity as a Measure of Internal Carotid Stenosis The relationship between peak systolic flow velocity in the internal carotid artery and the severity of stenosis as measured by contrast angiography is illustrated. Note the considerable overlap between adjacent categories of stenosis. Error bars indicate ±1 standard deviation about the mean values. Figure Legend:

Date of download: 7/1/2016 Copyright © The American College of Cardiology. All rights reserved. From: 2011 ASA/ACCF/AHA/AANN/AANS/ACR/ASNR/CNS/SAIP/SCAI/SIR/SNIS/SVM/SVS Guideline on the Management of Patients With Extracranial Carotid and Vertebral Artery Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, and the American Stroke Association, American Association of Neuroscience Nurses, American Association of Neurological Surgeons, American College of Radiology, American Society of Neuroradiology, Congress of Neurological Surgeons, Society of Atherosclerosis Imaging and Prevention, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Interventional Radiology, Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery, Society for Vascular Medicine, and Society for Vascular Surgery Developed in Collaboration With the American Academy of Neurology and Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;57(8):e16-e94. doi: /j.jacc Angiographic Methods for Determining Carotid Stenosis Severity ECST indicates European Carotid Surgery Trial; and NASCET, North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial. Figure Legend: