16.1 – Darwin’s Voyage of Discovery WARM UP 2/11  What continent was Darwin commissioned to study?  After his journey Darwin analyzed all of his data and observation: What book did he write as a result?  What three patterns of biodiversity did Darwin note:  List all three  Explain  Provide an example

16.1 – Darwin’s Voyage of Discovery Chapter 16: Darwin’s Theory of Evolution

16.1 – Darwin’s Voyage of Discovery THINK ABOUT IT!!!  Charles Darwin was average everyday adolescent.  Yet Charles would one day come up with one of the most important scientific theories of all time.

16.1 – Darwin’s Voyage of Discovery Darwin’s History  Born in England on February 12, 1809  At 22 years old and a college grad he was asked to study nature off the South American Coastline  His thinking changed as he collected more data  Wrote a book about his observations  On the Origin of Species  Darwin video clips Darwin video clips

16.1 – Darwin’s Voyage of Discovery Darwin’s Epic Journey  Sailed on the HMS Beagle’s for five years mapping the coastline of South America.  Darwin collected plant and animal specimen while on the voyage.

16.1 – Darwin’s Voyage of Discovery Observations Aboard the Beagle  He filled notebooks with detailed observations about the characteristics and habitats of the different species he saw.  Wanted to explain the biological diversity he observed. He used patterns to explain his observations.  What three patterns of biodiversity did Darwin note?  Species Vary Globally  Species Vary Locally  Species Vary Over Time

16.1 – Darwin’s Voyage of Discovery Darwin’s Three Patterns of Biodiversity  Species Vary Globally  Different, yet ecologically similar, animal species inhabited separated, but ecologically similar, habitats around the globe.  Example:  Different flight less bird species in grassland habitats on several different continents.  Emu = Australia  Rhea = South America  Ostrich = Africa

16.1 – Darwin’s Voyage of Discovery Darwin’s Three Patterns of Biodiversity  Species Vary Locally  Different, yet related, animal species often occupied different habitats within a local area.  Example:  Different species of tortoises in the Galapagos islands. *Same local area - different islands - different species of tortoises.* Also Darwin’s Finches!!

16.1 – Darwin’s Voyage of Discovery Darwin’s Three Patterns of Biodiversity  Species Vary Locally  Activity: Use the following description of each island environment to sketch a picture of what a tortoise that is well adapted would look like.  Galapagos Islands  Hood Island Tortoise – Dry climate, little vegetation that is on shrubs higher off the ground,  Isabela Island – Rainy climate, lots of vegetation close to the ground, many volcanic mountains

16.1 – Darwin’s Voyage of Discovery Darwin’s Three Patterns of Biodiversity  Hood Island  Isabela Island

16.1 – Darwin’s Voyage of Discovery Darwin’s Three Patterns of Biodiversity  Species Vary Over Time  Darwin noticed that some fossils of extinct animals were similar to living species.  Example:  Darwin observed that some fossils resembled currently living species in that area.  Glyptodont Vs. Armadillo

16.1 – Darwin’s Voyage of Discovery

Putting the Pieces of the Puzzle Together  Considered that Galápagos species might have evolved from South American ancestors.  Galapagos island finches resembled species from the South American mainland  He worked for years on his ideas about species and evolution.  Evidence suggested that species are not fixed and some process causes the change.

16.1 – Darwin’s Voyage of Discovery Darwin’s Contributions  Charles Darwin’s contribution to science:  The scientific theory of biological evolution  Explains how modern organisms evolved over long periods of time through descent from common ancestors.  Evolution  The process of change over time.