Chapter 5: Work and Machines

 Compare the effort exerted by a backpacker moving over level ground to that exerted by a backpacker moving uphill.  How do you think the weight of the backpack affects the amount of force needed to move it?

 Explain the meaning of work.  Describe how work and energy are related.  Calculate work.  Calculate power.

 Work: transfer of energy that occurs when a force makes an object move

 For work to occur, two conditions must be met: 1. an object must move 2. the motion of the object must be in the same direction as the applied force on the object.

 Work and energy are related.  Energy is always transferred from the object doing the work to the object on which the work is being done.

 Work is done on an object only when a force is being applied to the object and the object moves.  If the object does not move, then no work is being done!

 Work equals force times distance  W = Fd  W  work, measured in joules (J)  F  force, measured in newtons (N)  d  distance, measured in meters (m)

 W = Fd  F = W/d  d = W/F

 You push a refrigerator with a force of 100 N. If you move the refrigerator a distance of 5 m while you are pushing, how much work are you doing?

 A lawn mower is pushed with a force of 80 N. If 12,000 J of work are done in mowing a lawn, what is the total distance the lawn mower was pushed?

 The brakes on a car do 240,000 J of work in stopping the car. If the car travels a distance of 50 m while the brakes are being applied, what is the force the brakes exert on the car?

 Suppose you give a book a push and it slides along a table for a distance of 1 m before coming to a stop.  Work is only being done to the book when your hand is in contact with it!  You would not use 1 m in the equation, you would use the distance the book moved while your hand was touching it.

 Power: amount of work done in a certain amount of time  rate at which work is done

 Power equals work divided by time.  P = W/t  P  power, measured in watts (W)  W  work, measured in joules (J)  t  time, measured in seconds (s)

 P = W/t  W = Pt  t = W/P

 You do 900 J of work in pushing a sofa. If it took 5 s to move the sofa, how much power did you use?

 If a runner’s power is 130 W as she runs, how much work is done by the runner in 10 minutes?

 The power produced by an electric motor is 500 W. How long will it take the motor to do 10,000 J of work?

 Doing work is a way of transferring energy from one object to another.  Power is the rate at which work is done  Power is also the rate at which energy is transferred

 Power equals energy transferred divided by time.  P = E/t  P  power, measured in watts (W)  E  energy transferred, measured in joules (J)  t  time, measured in seconds (s)

 P = E/t  E = Pt  t = E/P

 A color TV uses 120 W of power. How much energy does the TV use in 1 hr?

 Describe a situation in which a force is applied, but no work is done.