Chapter 14 The Nation Divided This chapter will introduce you to the issues and sectional differences facing the United States leading up to the Civil War: westward expansion, the debate over slavery, and the election of Abraham Lincoln. Chapter 14 Introduction Section 1: Growing Tensions Over Slavery Section 2: Compromises Fail Section 3: The Crisis Deepens Section 4: The Coming of the Civil War

Chapter 14 The Nation Divided Back to Transparencies Visual Summary 1846 Wilmot Proviso Compromise of Kansas–Nebraska Act 1855 “Bleeding Kansas” 1856 Caning of Sumner 1857 Dred Scott v. Sanford 1859 Attack on Harpers Ferry SECESSION Election of 1860 Chapter 14

Chapter 14 The Nation Divided Chapter 14 Section 1 Objectives Explain why conflict arose over the issue of slavery in the territories after the Mexican- American War. Identify the goal of the Free-Soil Party. Describe the compromise Henry Clay proposed to settle the issues that divided the North and the South.

Chapter 14 The Nation Divided How did the question of admission of new states to the Union fuel the debate over slavery and states’ rights? The Missouri Compromise of 1820 temporarily quieted the differences between the North and South. However, new territory added as a result of America’s victory in the Mexican-American War renewed the conflict.

Chapter 14 The Nation Divided From 1820 to 1848, the balance of power between North and South held: 15 free states and 15 slave states. The tie could be broken by new territory gained in the Mexican- American War.

Chapter 14 The Nation Divided Even before the Mexican-American War had ended, politicians argued over what to do. Still, it angered Southerners, who viewed the bill as an attack on slavery by the North. The Wilmot Proviso Representative David Wilmot from Pennsylvania proposed a ban on slavery in all Mexican Cession territories. The bill passed in the House but not in the Senate.

Chapter 14 The Nation Divided In the 1848 election, many Democrats and Whigs were disappointed with their party’s stand on slavery. Antislavery Democrats and Whigs formed a new political party. The Free-Soil Party chose Martin Van Buren as its candidate. Free-Soil Party The party called for the territory from the Mexican- American War to be “free soil.”

Chapter 14 The Nation Divided Critics called Free-Soil Party members “barnburners.” They accused them of burning the barn (the Democratic Party) to get rid of proslavery “rats.”

Chapter 14 The Nation Divided He wanted to let the people in each state or territory decide whether to allow slavery. Democratic candidate Lewis Cass of Michigan suggested a solution that he hoped everyone would like. popular sovereignty The Free-Soil Party took votes away from Senator Cass.

Chapter 14 The Nation Divided PartyCandidatePolicy Democratic Party Senator Lewis Casspopular sovereignty Free-Soil Party Martin Van Burenslavery banned Whig PartyGeneral Zachary Taylorno stated policy Presidential Election of 1848 Zachary Taylor won the election.

Chapter 14 The Nation Divided North and South also clashed over California, which was ready to become a state. Southerners feared losing power. They threatened to secede from the nation if California was made a free state. Northerners argued that California should be a free state because most of its territory lay north of the Missouri Compromise.

Chapter 14 The Nation Divided California wants to enter as a free state – this would upset the balance of power between free and slave FREE STATES SLAVE STATES

Chapter 14 The Nation Divided North and South also disagreed over other issues related to slavery. Southerners called for a law that would force the return of fugitives. Northerners wanted the slave trade abolished in Washington, D.C. Months passed, and no solution was reached.

Chapter 14 The Nation Divided In 1850, Senator Henry Clay of Kentucky made a series of proposals to resolve this conflict. The Senate’s discussion of Clay’s proposals produced one of the greatest debates in American history.

Chapter 14 The Nation Divided John C. CalhounDaniel Webster The U.S. needed to amend the constitution. Otherwise, the South should secede. The U.S. should end sectionalism and adopt the compromise. John C. Calhoun spoke against the compromise, and Daniel Webster spoke for it.

Chapter 14 The Nation Divided With the territories acquired by the Mexican- American war, the nation could no longer overlook the slavery issue. At first, Clay’s compromise seemed to work for both sides. However, the compromise soon fell apart.

Chapter 14 The Nation Divided